serialVersionUID变量和Transient关键字
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用对象序列化序列化了一个对象后,假如我们修改了是对象所属的类文件,读取数据会不会出问题?
会出问题,抛出InvalidClassException异常
图文:
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当序列化运行时检测到类中的以下问题之一时抛出。
- 类的串行版本与从流中读取的类描述符的类型不匹配
- 该类包含未知的数据类型
- 该类没有可访问的无参数构造函数
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如果出问题了,如何解决呢?
给对象所属的类加一个serialVersionUID
private static final long serialVersionUID=42L;
图文:
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如果一个对象中的某个成员变量的值不想被序列化,又该如何实现呢?
给该成员变量加transient关键字修饰,该关键字标记的成员变量不参与序列化过程
问题分析
代码1(不做修改下)
学生类(此时没有添加任何修改)
package Demo;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Student implements Serializable {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student() {
}
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
Demo类
package Demo;
import java.io.*;
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
write();
read();
}
//读取文件数据
public static void read() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
//建立对象反序列化
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("D:\\item\\Hellow\\src\\copyJava.txt"));
//读取数据
Object o = ois.readObject();
//转换为学生类
Student s=(Student)o;
//调用该类的对应的方法
System.out.println(s.getName()+s.getAge());
//释放资源
ois.close();
}
//写入文件数据
public static void write() throws IOException {
//建立对象序列化
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("D:\\item\\Hellow\\src\\copyJava.txt"));
//建立对象,添加内容
Student student = new Student("菜徐琨",28);
//写入数据到对应的文件中
oos.writeObject(student);
//释放资源
oos.close();
}
}
输出的结果
代码2(注意了!!!)
学生类(有添加任何修改)!!!
package Demo;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Student implements Serializable {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student() {
}
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
Demo类
package Demo;
import java.io.*;
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
//write();
read();
}
//读取文件数据
public static void read() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
//建立对象反序列化
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("D:\\item\\Hellow\\src\\copyJava.txt"));
//读取数据
Object o = ois.readObject();
//转换为学生类
Student s=(Student)o;
//调用该类的对应的方法
System.out.println(s.getName()+s.getAge());
//释放资源
ois.close();
}
//写入文件数据
public static void write() throws IOException {
//建立对象序列化
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("D:\\item\\Hellow\\src\\copyJava.txt"));
//建立对象,添加内容
Student student = new Student("菜徐琨",28);
//写入数据到对应的文件中
oos.writeObject(student);
//释放资源
oos.close();
}
}
输出的内容
代码3(解决问题)
学生类(新的变动)!!!
package Demo;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Student implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID =43L;//强制声明
private String name;
private transient int age;
public Student() {
}
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
Demo类
package Demo;
import java.io.*;
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
write();
read();
}
//读取文件数据
public static void read() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
//建立对象反序列化
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("D:\\item\\Hellow\\src\\copyJava.txt"));
//读取数据
Object o = ois.readObject();
//转换为学生类
Student s=(Student)o;
//调用该类的对应的方法
System.out.println(s.getName()+s.getAge());
//释放资源
ois.close();
}
//写入文件数据
public static void write() throws IOException {
//建立对象序列化
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("D:\\item\\Hellow\\src\\copyJava.txt"));
//建立对象,添加内容
Student student = new Student("菜徐琨",28);
//写入数据到对应的文件中
oos.writeObject(student);
//释放资源
oos.close();
}
}
输出的内容