线程同步机制 synchronized

JAVA中的锁

在JAVA只有一种锁，对象锁。如果按照对象的类型细分，又分为实例对象锁和Class对象
锁。即我们常称的，对象锁与类锁。

一把钥匙开一把锁

锁的作用就是防止意外情况的发生，把门一锁就是干，干完开锁还钥匙走人，下一个继续

实例对象锁

public class SyncInThread {
    static class SyncInClassInstance  implements Runnable {
        private Integer a = 0;
        @Override
        public void run() {
            _run();
        }
        private synchronized void _run(){
            a += 1;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":a="+a);
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        SyncInClassInstance syncTest = new SyncInClassInstance() ;
        Thread t1 = new Thread(syncTest) ;
        t1.start();
        Thread t2 = new Thread(syncTest) ;
        t2.start();

        Thread.sleep(1000);
    }
}

**效果:**无论线程谁先谁后，对象里a变量方法是按照顺序来的

Thread-1:a=1
Thread-0:a=2

Process finished with exit code 0

类锁【Class对象锁】

public class SyncInThread {
    static class SyncInClassInstance  implements Runnable {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"正在获取SyncTest类锁");
                _run();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        private synchronized void _run() throws InterruptedException {
            synchronized(SyncTest.class){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"已获取SyncTest类锁");
                Thread.sleep(5000);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"已释放SyncTest类锁");
            }
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        SyncInClassInstance syncTest = new SyncInClassInstance() ;
        Thread t1 = new Thread(syncTest) ;
        t1.start();
        SyncInClassInstance syncTest2 = new SyncInClassInstance() ;
        Thread t2 = new Thread(syncTest2) ;
        t2.start();

        Thread.sleep(1000);
    }
}

**效果：**本例以语句块方式同步类对象，多个对象实例也要配对等钥匙

Thread-0正在获取SyncTest类锁
Thread-1正在获取SyncTest类锁
Thread-1已获取SyncTest类锁
Thread-1已释放SyncTest类锁
Thread-0已获取SyncTest类锁
Thread-0已释放SyncTest类锁

Process finished with exit code 0