java面试题之多线程数据读取

请问以下程序运行之后a的值是多少？

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

class Test {

    static int a = 0;

    static Runnable r1 = new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            a++;
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            a++;
        }
    };

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        ExecutorService pools = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(100);
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            pools.execute(r1);
        }
        Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
        System.out.println("a = " + a);
        pools.shutdown();
    }
}

其实，这个程序每次运行的结果都不一定，那如何才能让它打印出200呢？
我们先给a 加个 volatile，继续运行，发现每次结果还是不一样. 原因在于 a++ 不是原子操作，也没有给a加同步 ，最终解决方案为使用支持原子操作的 AtomicInteger。

最终程序为：

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

class Test {

    static AtomicInteger a = new AtomicInteger(0);

    static Runnable r1 = new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            a.incrementAndGet();
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            a.incrementAndGet();
        }
    };

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        ExecutorService pools = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(100);
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            pools.execute(r1);
        }
        Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
        System.out.println("a = " + a.get());
        pools.shutdown();
    }
}

每次都打印出200.