享元模式（FLYWEIGHT）

1.意图

运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象。

2.特点

抽象享元角色：为具体享元角色规定了必须实现的方法，而外蕴状态就是以参数的形式通过此方法传入。在Java中可以由抽象类、接口来担当。
具体享元角色：实现抽象角色规定的方法。如果存在内蕴状态，就负责为内蕴状态提供存储空间。
享元工厂角色：负责创建和管理享元角色。要想达到共享的目的，这个角色的实现是关键！
客户端角色：维护对所有享元对象的引用，而且还需要存储对应的外蕴状态。

3.UML类图

4.代码

//抽象享元角色
public interface Flyweight {
    void action();
}
//具体享元角色
public class ConcreteFlyWeight implements Flyweight {
    private String name;

    public ConcreteFlyWeight(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized void action() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            System.out.println(name+"  "+this.hashCode()+" ConcreteFlyWeight action");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

//享元工厂
public class FlyweightFactory {
    //定义缓存享元的实例
    private static  HashMap<String,Flyweight> map = new HashMap<String, Flyweight>();

    public static Flyweight getFlyweight(String name){
        if(map.get(name)==null){
            synchronized (map){
                Flyweight flyweight = new ConcreteFlyWeight(name);
                map.put(name,flyweight);
            }
        }
        return map.get(name);
    }
}

public class FlyweightTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Flyweight flyweight = FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight("name");
        flyweight.action();
        Flyweight flyweight1 = FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight("name");
        flyweight1.action();
        Flyweight flyweight2 = FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight("name");
        flyweight2.action();
    }
}