linux set命令

set 命令可以配置bash属性
set  -C： 设置C参数，禁止重定向输出覆盖已存在的文件，此时用 ‘>|’  可以强制覆盖

[root@centos6 test]#ls
testfile
[root@centos6 test]#echo $-    #显示当前set已设置的参数
himBH
[root@centos6 test]#set -C     #设置C参数，使重定向输出不能覆盖已存在的文件
[root@centos6 test]#echo $-    
himBCH                         #显示C参数已被设置成功
[root@centos6 test]#cat /etc/passwd > testfile 
-bash: testfile: cannot overwrite existing file    #提示不能覆盖已存在的文件
[root@centos6 test]#cat /etc/passwd >| testfile    #此时用'>|'可以强制覆盖
[root@centos6 test]#

set  +C： 取消C参数，重定向输出可以覆盖已存在的文件

[root@centos6 test]#echo $-          
himBCH                           #查询C参数已设置
[root@centos6 test]#ls
testfile
[root@centos6 test]#set +C       #取消C参数
[root@centos6 test]#echo $-
himBH                            #C参数已被取消
[root@centos6 test]#cat /etc/passwd > testfile   #此时重定向输出已能覆盖已存在的文件
[root@centos6 test]#

 

help set，set 其它参数如下:

[root@centos6 test]#help set
set: set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option-name] [arg ...]
    Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.
    
    Change the value of shell attributes and positional parameters, or
    display the names and values of shell variables.
    
    Options:
      -a  Mark variables which are modified or created for export.
      -b  Notify of job termination immediately.
      -e  Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status.
      -f  Disable file name generation (globbing).
      -h  Remember the location of commands as they are looked up.
      -k  All assignment arguments are placed in the environment for a
          command, not just those that precede the command name.
      -m  Job control is enabled.
      -n  Read commands but do not execute them.
      -o option-name
          Set the variable corresponding to option-name:
              allexport    same as -a
              braceexpand  same as -B
              emacs        use an emacs-style line editing interface
              errexit      same as -e
              errtrace     same as -E
              functrace    same as -T
              hashall      same as -h
              histexpand   same as -H
              history      enable command history
              ignoreeof    the shell will not exit upon reading EOF
              interactive-comments
                           allow comments to appear in interactive commands
              keyword      same as -k
              monitor      same as -m
              noclobber    same as -C
              noexec       same as -n
              noglob       same as -f
              nolog        currently accepted but ignored
              notify       same as -b
              nounset      same as -u
              onecmd       same as -t
              physical     same as -P
              pipefail     the return value of a pipeline is the status of
                           the last command to exit with a non-zero status,
                           or zero if no command exited with a non-zero status
              posix        change the behavior of bash where the default
                           operation differs from the Posix standard to
                           match the standard
              privileged   same as -p
              verbose      same as -v
              vi           use a vi-style line editing interface
              xtrace       same as -x
      -p  Turned on whenever the real and effective user ids do not match.
          Disables processing of the $ENV file and importing of shell
          functions.  Turning this option off causes the effective uid and
          gid to be set to the real uid and gid.
      -t  Exit after reading and executing one command.
      -u  Treat unset variables as an error when substituting.
      -v  Print shell input lines as they are read.
      -x  Print commands and their arguments as they are executed.
      -B  the shell will perform brace expansion
      -C  If set, disallow existing regular files to be overwritten
          by redirection of output.
      -E  If set, the ERR trap is inherited by shell functions.
      -H  Enable ! style history substitution.  This flag is on
          by default when the shell is interactive.
      -P  If set, do not follow symbolic links when executing commands
          such as cd which change the current directory.
      -T  If set, the DEBUG trap is inherited by shell functions.
      -   Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters.
          The -x and -v options are turned off.
    
    Using + rather than - causes these flags to be turned off.  The
    flags can also be used upon invocation of the shell.  The current
    set of flags may be found in $-.  The remaining n ARGs are positional
    parameters and are assigned, in order, to $1, $2, .. $n.  If no
    ARGs are given, all shell variables are printed.
    
    Exit Status:
    Returns success unless an invalid option is given.
[root@centos6 test]#

set命令还可以显示已定义的本地变量：
定义本地变量：EXNAME='nokke'
取消已定义的本地变量：unset EXNAME