Nginx（windows版）+SpringCloud-Zuul实现负载均衡

负载均衡

负载均衡也是 Nginx常用的一个功能，当一台服务器的单位时间内的访问量越大时，服务器压力就越大，大到超过自身承受能力时，服务器就会崩溃。为了避免服务器崩溃，让用户有更好的体验，我们通过负载均衡的方式来分担服务器压力。我们可以建立很多很多服务器，组成一个服务器集群，当用户访问网站时，先访问一个中间服务器，在让这个中间服务器在服务器集群中选择一个压力较小的服务器，然后将该访问请求引入该服务器。如此以来，用户的每次访问，都会保证服务器集群中的每个服务器压力趋于平衡，分担了服务器压力，避免了服务器崩溃的情况。负载均衡配置一般都需要同时配置反向代理，通过反向代理跳转到负载均衡。

下面我们就来用Nginx+Zuul实现负载均衡功能。

1.首先下载nginx-1.15.0并解压后，进入conf文件夹并修改nginx.conf配置文件

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    upstream webapp{
    	server 127.0.0.1:81;
    	server 127.0.0.1:82;
    }
    
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  zy.wang.com;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            #root   html;
            #index  index.html index.htm;
            proxy_pass http://webapp;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

 2.在本地hosts文件中指定本地域名、路径： C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc

127.0.0.1 zy.wang.com

 3.创建springCloud-zuul项目

application.yml:

spring:
  application: 
    name: service-zuul
server:
  port: 80
eureka:
  client: 
    serviceUrl: 
      defaultZone: http://admin:123456@localhost:9500/eureka,http://admin:123456@localhost:9600/eureka 
zuul:
  routes:
    api-a: 
      path: /api-member/**
      serviceId: member-service
    api-b: 
      path: /api-order/**
      serviceId: order-service

pom.xml: 

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.zy.wang</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud2.0-parent</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>springcloud2.0-zuul</artifactId>
  <dependencies>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
	</dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

启动类： 

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableZuulProxy
public class AppGateWay {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(AppGateWay.class, args);
	}

	@Bean  
    public TokenFilter accessUserNameFilter() {  
        return new TokenFilter();  
    }  

}

网关过滤器：

@Component
public class TokenFilter extends ZuulFilter {
 
    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TokenFilter.class);
 
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String port;
    
    @Override
    public String filterType() {
        //前置过滤器
    	//pre：可以在请求被路由之前调用
    	//route：在路由请求时候被调用
    	//post：在route和error过滤器之后被调用
    	//error：处理请求时发生错误时被调用
        return "pre";
    }
 
    @Override
    public int filterOrder() {
        //优先级，数字越大，优先级越低
        return 0;
    }
 
    public boolean shouldFilter() {
        //是否执行该过滤器，true代表需要过滤
        return true;
    }
 
    public Object run() {
        System.out.println("port="+port);
        
        //这里return的值没有意义，zuul框架没有使用该返回值
        return null;
    }
 
}

Eureka和其他微服务代码这里就不详细介绍了，主要说明Zuul网关。

4.双击nginx.exe启动Nginx

5.启动Eureka后再启动zuul两次分别为81和82端口，在浏览器中多次输入下图地址，注：createBySuccessCodeMessage 换成自己的请求地址

在控制台中可以看到分别输出81和82的端口（轮询），至此已实现Nginx负载均衡。