前言
Handler想必做android的都知道，我也曾经写过一篇对Handler源码的理解，过了这么一段时间回头看之前写的东西，发现还是很多狭隘之处。并且Handler确实是一个很重要并且有一定深度的知识，所以在这里重新记录下现在的理解。
引言
Android中UI绘制方法大多是非线程按安全的，为了避免多线程下更新UI，造成UI绘制或显示异常，android为我们提供了Handler机制。Handler可以将子线程中的UI操作切换到主线程中执行，保证UI安全。在使用的过程中我们只关注Handler，但Handler机制的实现还需要Looper、Message和MessageQueue的协助，有这四个类才能构成android消息机制。
要想在线程中使用Looper，必须为每一个线程分配单独分配Looper。 为了让创建的Looper只能本线程访问，将每一个创建的Looper保存在ThreadLocal中。Looper的创建会同时创建对应的MessageQueue,MessageQueue是一个保存Message的容器，Message有指向下一个Message的指针，所以构成了单向链表结构的MessageQueue。同时Message有指向发送消息的Handler引用，Handler在子线程中往MessageQueue中存Message(Handler发送消息)；Looper一直循环MessageQueue得到Message，然后将Message发送到对应的引用(Handler)处理。这基本上构成Handler的基本模型，后面根据源码说明对象间关联的关键代码
Handler的学习不仅要知道其整个消息扭转逻辑。保存Looper的ThreadLocal，Looper的循环中用到的生成消费模型思想，以及在MessageQueue中native层用于阻塞与唤醒的epoll+pipe机制都是可展开学习的。下面就我了解记录如下，如有纰漏请多指点。
关键源码
关于在主线程中使用Handler,还得从Looper的创建开始。在Android中主线程中Looper的创建是在App启动的时候在ActivityThread就已经创建，ActivityThread就是我们所说的主线程，我们先看下ActivityThread的main()方法,下面是android8.0.0ActivityThread的部分代码，
ActivityThread
在 main()方法中先
- 调用main线程特有的
prepareMainLooper()创建一个MainLooper - 调用
Looper.loop()开启循环
public final class ActivityThread {
...
public static void main(String[] args) {
...
//1、创建一个MainLooper，
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false);
if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
}
if (false) {
Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
}
// End of event ActivityThreadMain.
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
//2、开启循环
Looper.loop();
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}
...
}
上面2步中我们看到了主线程主动创建Looper和开启Looper循环，这就是为什么我们不需要自己在线程中创建Looper，Looper循环在后面我们知道，这是一个死循环，那么这样的设计是否有问题？为此后面会讲到MessageQueue的阻塞和唤醒
Looper
在ActivityThread中主要调用Looper.prepareMainLooper(); Looper.loop();两个方法我们看看相关操作
- 主要是创建一个
Looper,传入false是控制MessaeQueue能否退出，主线程的MessaeQueue是不能退出 - 验证Looper是否已经创建，创建后如果
重复调用prepare会报错，每一个线程只能创建一个Looper - 使用
ThreadLocal保存Looper，后面好取出，能保证每一个线程都只能操作其自己的Looper，别的线程不能访问 Looper的创建伴随着MessageQueue的创建
对于Looper.loop()方法就是开启循环MessageQueue，取出消息
-
获取当前Looper并验证是否为空
-
获取Looper中的MessageQueue对象
-
开始无限循环
-
调用MessageQueue的next()方法获取Message，并为Message判空，没有值就return
-
next()返回 msg不为空，获取到msg的引用target调用其dispatchMessage(msg)方法，可以看出target就是发送消息的handler -
发送消息后将消息回收
public final class Looper{
private static final String TAG = "Looper";
// sThreadLocal.get() will return null unless you've called prepare().
static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
private static Looper sMainLooper; // guarded by Looper.class
final MessageQueue mQueue;
final Thread mThread;
private Printer mLogging;
private long mTraceTag;
/**
* If set, the looper will show a warning log if a message dispatch takes longer than this.
*/
private long mSlowDispatchThresholdMs;
/**
* If set, the looper will show a warning log if a message delivery (actual delivery time -
* post time) takes longer than this.
*/
private long mSlowDeliveryThresholdMs;
/** Initialize the current thread as a looper.
* This gives you a chance to create handlers that then reference
* this looper, before actually starting the loop. Be sure to call
* {@link #loop()} after calling this method, and end it by calling
* {@link #quit()}.
*/
public static void prepare() {
prepare(true);
}
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
//2 如果重复调用prepareh会报错，每一个线程只能创建一个Looper
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
//3 使用ThreadLocal保存Looper，后面好取出，ThreadLocal能保证每一个线程都只能操作其自己的Looper，别的线程不能访问
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
/**
* Initialize the current thread as a looper, marking it as an
* application's main looper. The main looper for your application
* is created by the Android environment, so you should never need
* to call this function yourself. See also: {@link #prepare()}
*/
public static void prepareMainLooper() {
//1 主要是创建一个Looper,false是控制MessaeQueue能否退出，主线程的MessaeQueue是不能退出，
prepare(false);
synchronized (Looper.class) {
if (sMainLooper != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
}
sMainLooper = myLooper();
}
}
/**
* Returns the application's main looper, which lives in the main thread of the application.
*/
public static Looper getMainLooper() {
synchronized (Looper.class) {
return sMainLooper;
}
}
/**
* Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call
* {@link #quit()} to end the loop.
*/
public static void loop() {
//1 获取当前Looper并验证是否为空
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
//2 获取Looper中的MessageQueue对象
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
// Allow overriding a threshold with a system prop. e.g.
// adb shell 'setprop log.looper.1000.main.slow 1 && stop && start'
final int thresholdOverride =
SystemProperties.getInt("log.looper."
+ Process.myUid() + "."
+ Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ".slow", 0);
boolean slowDeliveryDetected = false;
//3 开始无限循环
for (;;) {
//4 调用MessageQueue的next()方法获取Message，并为Message判空，没有值就return
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
final Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag;
long slowDispatchThresholdMs = me.mSlowDispatchThresholdMs;
long slowDeliveryThresholdMs = me.mSlowDeliveryThresholdMs;
if (thresholdOverride > 0) {
slowDispatchThresholdMs = thresholdOverride;
slowDeliveryThresholdMs = thresholdOverride;
}
final boolean logSlowDelivery = (slowDeliveryThresholdMs > 0) && (msg.when > 0);
final boolean logSlowDispatch = (slowDispatchThresholdMs > 0);
final boolean needStartTime = logSlowDelivery || logSlowDispatch;
final boolean needEndTime = logSlowDispatch;
if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) {
Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg));
}
final long dispatchStart = needStartTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0;
final long dispatchEnd;
try {
//5 msg不为空，获取到msg的引用target调用其dispatchMessage(msg)方法，可以看出target就是发送消息的handler
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
dispatchEnd = needEndTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0;
} finally {
if (traceTag != 0) {
Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
}
}
if (logSlowDelivery) {
if (slowDeliveryDetected) {
if ((dispatchStart - msg.when) <= 10) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Drained");
slowDeliveryDetected = false;
}
} else {
if (showSlowLog(slowDeliveryThresholdMs, msg.when, dispatchStart, "delivery",
msg)) {
// Once we write a slow delivery log, suppress until the queue drains.
slowDeliveryDetected = true;
}
}
}
if (logSlowDispatch) {
showSlowLog(slowDispatchThresholdMs, dispatchStart, dispatchEnd, "dispatch", msg);
}
if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
}
//6 发送消息后将消息回收
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
...
//4 Looper的创建伴随着MessageQueue的创建
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}
...
}
Message
在上面我们已经看到了MessageQueue的使用，在介绍MessageQueue之前先介绍下MessageQueue中保存的对象Message
Message对于MessageQueue来说，就有如HashMap的Node对象，其构成了MessageQueue的单向链表
- 每一个Message对象都有指向下一个Message的引用，自己
new的Message会在MessageQueue的enqueueMessage()方法中为其添加next节点。 - 在获取和创建Message的时候，
建议使用Message的obtain()方法，这是Message使用到的缓存池，最大缓存池大小为50，在缓存池没满的情况下避免手动创建Message - Message中有一个发送Message的Handler引用
public final class Message implements Parcelable {
/**
* User-defined message code so that the recipient can identify
* what this message is about. Each {@link Handler} has its own name-space
* for message codes, so you do not need to worry about yours conflicting
* with other handlers.
*/
public int what;
/**
* arg1 and arg2 are lower-cost alternatives to using
* {@link #setData(Bundle) setData()} if you only need to store a
* few integer values.
*/
public int arg1;
/**
* arg1 and arg2 are lower-cost alternatives to using
* {@link #setData(Bundle) setData()} if you only need to store a
* few integer values.
*/
public int arg2;
/**
* An arbitrary object to send to the recipient. When using
* {@link Messenger} to send the message across processes this can only
* be non-null if it contains a Parcelable of a framework class (not one
* implemented by the application). For other data transfer use
* {@link #setData}.
*
* <p>Note that Parcelable objects here are not supported prior to
* the {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#FROYO} release.
*/
public Object obj;
/**
* Optional Messenger where replies to this message can be sent. The
* semantics of exactly how this is used are up to the sender and
* receiver.
*/
public Messenger replyTo;
/**
* Optional field indicating the uid that sent the message. This is
* only valid for messages posted by a {@link Messenger}; otherwise,
* it will be -1.
*/
public int sendingUid = -1;
/** If set message is in use.
* This flag is set when the message is enqueued and remains set while it
* is delivered and afterwards when it is recycled. The flag is only cleared
* when a new message is created or obtained since that is the only time that
* applications are allowed to modify the contents of the message.
*
* It is an error to attempt to enqueue or recycle a message that is already in use.
*/
/*package*/ static final int FLAG_IN_USE = 1 << 0;
/** If set message is asynchronous */
/*package*/ static final int FLAG_ASYNCHRONOUS = 1 << 1;
/** Flags to clear in the copyFrom method */
/*package*/ static final int FLAGS_TO_CLEAR_ON_COPY_FROM = FLAG_IN_USE;
/*package*/ int flags;
/*package*/ long when;
/*package*/ Bundle data;
/*package*/ Handler target;
/*package*/ Runnable callback;
// sometimes we store linked lists of these things
/*package*/ Message next;
/** @hide */
public static final Object sPoolSync = new Object();
private static Message sPool;
private static int sPoolSize = 0;
private static final int MAX_POOL_SIZE = 50;
private static boolean gCheckRecycle = true;
/**
* Return a new Message instance from the global pool. Allows us to
* avoid allocating new objects in many cases.
*/
public static Message obtain() {
synchronized (sPoolSync) {
if (sPool != null) {
Message m = sPool;
sPool = m.next;
m.next = null;
m.flags = 0; // clear in-use flag
sPoolSize--;
return m;
}
}
return new Message();
}
...
}
MessageQueue
对于MessageQueue主要看添加Message方法enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when)，添加同步屏障postSyncBarrier(long when) ,以及循环next()方法 ；以及native方法nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis)和 nativeWake(mPtr);也是学习的关键
Handler中的Message可以分为两类：同步消息、异步消息。消息类型可以通过以下函数得知
public boolean isAsynchronous() {
return (flags & FLAG_ASYNCHRONOUS) != 0;
}
一般情况下这两种消息的处理方式没什么区别，只有在设置了同步屏障时才会出现差异。设置同步屏障的方法就是postSyncBarrier(long when)，设置同步屏障后在next() 方法中循环的时候就优先处理异步消息，这样对于消息的处理就形成异步消息优先级>同步消息,这样在处理一些事件时就可以优先处理，如Android应用框架中为了更快的响应UI刷新事件在ViewRootImpl.scheduleTraversals中使用了同步屏障,详细参考博客[13]
这里提前要说一下next()方法中nextPollTimeoutMillis的值所代表的含义，nextPollTimeoutMillis是毫秒时间。
1.如果nextPollTimeoutMillis=-1，一直阻塞不会超时。
2.如果nextPollTimeoutMillis=0，不会阻塞，立即返回。
3.如果nextPollTimeoutMillis>0，最长阻塞nextPollTimeoutMillis毫秒(超时)，如果期间有程序唤醒会立即返回。
具体分析看下面源码中注释
public final class MessageQueue {
private static final String TAG = "MessageQueue";
private static final boolean DEBUG = false;
// True if the message queue can be quit.
private final boolean mQuitAllowed;
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
private long mPtr; // used by native code
Message mMessages;
private final ArrayList<IdleHandler> mIdleHandlers = new ArrayList<IdleHandler>();
private SparseArray<FileDescriptorRecord> mFileDescriptorRecords;
private IdleHandler[] mPendingIdleHandlers;
private boolean mQuitting;
// Indicates whether next() is blocked waiting in pollOnce() with a non-zero timeout.
//指示是否阻止Next（）在PollOnce（）中以非零超时等待。
private boolean mBlocked;
// The next barrier token.
// Barriers are indicated by messages with a null target whose arg1 field carries the token.
private int mNextBarrierToken;
private native static long nativeInit();
private native static void nativeDestroy(long ptr);
private native void nativePollOnce(long ptr, int timeoutMillis); /*non-static for callbacks*/
private native static void nativeWake(long ptr);
private native static boolean nativeIsPolling(long ptr);
private native static void nativeSetFileDescriptorEvents(long ptr, int fd, int events);
MessageQueue(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQuitAllowed = quitAllowed;
//1 通过native方法初始化消息队列，mPtr记录native消息队列的信息
mPtr = nativeInit();
}
...
Message next() {
final long ptr = mPtr;
if (ptr == 0) {
//2 在dispose()方法中设置mPtr=0，表示循环退出
return null;
}
int pendingIdleHandlerCount = -1; // -1 only during first iteration
int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
for (;;) {
if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) {
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
}
//3 这里会根据nextPollTimeoutMillis进行阻塞操作，当等待nextPollTimeoutMillis超时，或者消息队列被唤醒，都会返回
nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);
synchronized (this) {
//返回自启动后的毫秒数，不计算在深度睡眠中花费的时间
final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
Message prevMsg = null;
Message msg = mMessages;
//碰到同步屏障
if (msg != null && msg.target == null) {
do {
//4 跳出循环时，msg指向离表头最近的一个异步消息
prevMsg = msg;
msg = msg.next;
} while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous());
}
if (msg != null) {
if (now < msg.when) {
//6 下一条消息尚未准备好。设置超时以在准备就绪时唤醒。
nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
} else {
// 7 获取一条消息，并返回
mBlocked = false;
if (prevMsg != null) {
//将msg从消息链表中移除
prevMsg.next = msg.next;
} else {
mMessages = msg.next;
}
msg.next = null;
if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Returning message: " + msg);
msg.markInUse();
//返回消息
return msg;
}
} else {
//8 没有更多的消息，就进行阻塞
nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1;
}
//9 消息正在退出，返回null
if (mQuitting) {
dispose();
return null;
}
// 10 当消息队列为空，或者是消息队列的第一个消息时
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount < 0
&& (mMessages == null || now < mMessages.when)) {
pendingIdleHandlerCount = mIdleHandlers.size();
}
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount <= 0) {
// 11 没有idle handlers 需要运行，则循环并等待。
mBlocked = true;
continue;
}
if (mPendingIdleHandlers == null) {
mPendingIdleHandlers = new IdleHandler[Math.max(pendingIdleHandlerCount, 4)];
}
mPendingIdleHandlers = mIdleHandlers.toArray(mPendingIdleHandlers);
}
//12 只有第一次循环时，会运行idle handlers，执行完成后，重置pendingIdleHandlerCount为0.
for (int i = 0; i < pendingIdleHandlerCount; i++) {
final IdleHandler idler = mPendingIdleHandlers[i];
mPendingIdleHandlers[i] = null; // release the reference to the handler
boolean keep = false;
try {
keep = idler.queueIdle();
} catch (Throwable t) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "IdleHandler threw exception", t);
}
if (!keep) {
synchronized (this) {
mIdleHandlers.remove(idler);
}
}
}
//13 重置idle handler个数为0，以保证不会再次重复运行
pendingIdleHandlerCount = 0;
//14 调用空闲处理程序时，可能已传递新消息，因此无需等待可以直接查询pending message.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
}
}
private int postSyncBarrier(long when) {
// Enqueue a new sync barrier token.
// We don't need to wake the queue because the purpose of a barrier is to stall it.
synchronized (this) {
final int token = mNextBarrierToken++;
final Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.markInUse();
msg.when = when;
msg.arg1 = token;
Message prev = null;
Message p = mMessages;
if (when != 0) {
while (p != null && p.when <= when) {
prev = p;
p = p.next;
}
}
if (prev != null) { // invariant: p == prev.next
msg.next = p;
prev.next = msg;
} else {
msg.next = p;
mMessages = msg;
}
return token;
}
}
...
boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
//每一个Message都得有一个Hander
if (msg.target == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");
}
if (msg.isInUse()) {
throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");
}
synchronized (this) {
if (mQuitting) {
//正在退出时，回收msg，加入到消息池
IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(
msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
msg.recycle();//回收Message
return false;
}
msg.markInUse();
msg.when = when;
Message p = mMessages;
boolean needWake;
if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
// New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
//p为null(代表MessageQueue没有消息） 或者msg的触发时间是队列中最早的， 则进入该该分支
msg.next = p;
mMessages = msg;
needWake = mBlocked;//如果被阻塞，唤醒事件队列。
} else {
//将消息按时间顺序插入到MessageQueue。一般地，不需要唤醒事件队列，除非
//消息队头存在barrier，并且同时Message是队列中最早的异步消息。
needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
Message prev;
for (;;) {
prev = p;
p = p.next;
if (p == null || when < p.when) {
break;
}
if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
needWake = false;
}
}
msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
prev.next = msg;
}
if (needWake) {
nativeWake(mPtr);
}
}
return true;
}
...
}
Handler
handler的主要作用就是对消息的各种操作，如发送消息、延迟发送、删除、获取等操作。要知道Handler就像是一个循环，发出的消息经过MessageQueue和Looper后又回到了Handler中，消息被回转的时候主要是在 loop()方法中调用到Handler的dispatchMessage(msg)方法，然后再具体扭转。
- Handler中有一个
Callback接口，在构造方法中赋值，用于最后回调 - 构造方法中在ThreadLocal里获取Looper，如果是主线程获取的就是ActivityThread中创建的Looper
- 并得到Looper中的MessageQueue
在发送消息的时候调用sendMessage后会最后调用到Handler的enqueueMessage方法，在这里为msg设置target,也就是当前Handler引用，并将Message添加到MessageQueue- 在 loop()方法中会调用
target.dispatchMessage(msg)方法，这里会判断msg.callback是否为空，不为空就执行message.callback.run()(优先级最高)，为空则再判断Handler构造方法里的Callback是否为空，不为空就调用Callback里的handleMessage()（优先级仅次于1）,为空则调用Handler的默认handleMessage方法（优先级最低）
到这里就基本明白Handler发送消息的整个流转过程。
public class Handler {
/*
* Set this flag to true to detect anonymous, local or member classes
* that extend this Handler class and that are not static. These kind
* of classes can potentially create leaks.
*/
private static final boolean FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS = false;
private static final String TAG = "Handler";
private static Handler MAIN_THREAD_HANDLER = null;
/**
* Callback interface you can use when instantiating a Handler to avoid
* having to implement your own subclass of Handler.
*/
public interface Callback {
/**
* @param msg A {@link android.os.Message Message} object
* @return True if no further handling is desired
*/
public boolean handleMessage(Message msg);
}
/**
* Subclasses must implement this to receive messages.
*/
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
}
/**
* Handle system messages here.
*/
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
//在 loop()方法中会调用target.dispatchMessage(msg)方法，这里会判断msg.callback是否为空，不为空就执行message.callback.run()，为空则再判断Handler构造方法里的Callback是否为空，为空就调用handleMessage(),不为空则调用接口里面的方法
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
public Handler() {
this(null, false);
}
public Handler(Callback callback) {
this(callback, false);
}
public Handler(Looper looper) {
this(looper, null, false);
}
public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback) {
this(looper, callback, false);
}
public Handler(boolean async) {
this(null, async);
}
public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
(klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
klass.getCanonicalName());
}
}
// 1 在ThreadLocal中获取Looper，如果是主线程获取的就是ActivityThread中创建的Looper
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
if (mLooper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't create handler inside thread " + Thread.currentThread()
+ " that has not called Looper.prepare()");
}
//2 并得到Looper中的MessageQueue
mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}
...
public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
}
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
//3 在调用sendMessage后会最后调用到enqueueMessage方法，在这里为msg设置target,也就是当前Handler引用
msg.target = this;
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
private static void handleCallback(Message message) {
message.callback.run();
}
...
}
小结
到这里其实已近将Handler机制java层已经讲完了。对于Handler机制其实还有native层的代码，在MessageQueue中就有好几个native方法。在native层，也有一套Handler，native层主要用于处理native的消息。MessageQueue就是java层和native层的纽带，java层可以向MessageQueue添加数据，native层也可以向MessageQueue添加数据。要知道在ActivityThread中是有一套控制Activity生命周期代码的，这些控制生命周期的消息就是从其他进程发送过来，使用native方法进入到MessageQueue，进行循环获取以及执行。
阻塞和唤醒
说MessageQueue带出Epoll机制。有一个问题一直在面试的时候问，主线程为什么在Looper一直循环下而没有卡死？以前我也是不太明白，因为我没有看到MessageQueue中native层的代码，最近回头看的时候发现:在Lopper循环的时候会调用MessageQueue中 nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis)这个native方法，当MessageQueue中没有消息时会进行阻塞，而唤醒主线程则是在 nativeWake(mPtr)方法中。
对于具体的native中阻塞和唤醒可以看参考博客[14],对于Epoll机制，就是啊native层实现阻塞与唤醒的关键，是Linux下多路复用IO接口select/poll的增强版本，如果对这一块不懂的可以参考博客[8][9]
我所知道的关于Handler相关的就这么多了，Handler对于安卓还是很重要的，其衍生的HandlerThread,以及在IntentService中的应用都是有Handler的影子，学好Handler再延伸到其他知识点有助于我们理解很多东西。同时感谢文末列出的其他博客
[1]Android的Touch事件是怎么从触摸屏传递到Activity的？
[2]Android中为什么主线程不会因为Looper.loop()里的死循环卡死？
[3]深入理解MessageQueue
[4]从源码角度分析native层消息机制与java层消息机制的关联
[5]进程间的通信方式——pipe
[6]深入理解MessageQueue
[7]android源码在线查看
[8]我读过的最好的epoll讲解–转自”知乎“
[9]Linux IO模式及 select、poll、epoll详解
[10]浅析 Android 输入事件处理（一）
[11]理解Java中的ThreadLocal
[12]Android消息机制2-Handler(Native层)
[13]Handler之同步屏障机制(sync barrier)
[14]Looper中的睡眠等待与唤醒机制
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