T 4
解:
(1)
x
=
5
−
x
3
2
x = \frac{5-x^3}{2}
x=25−x3
ϕ
(
x
)
=
5
−
x
3
2
\phi(x) = \frac{5-x^3}{2}
ϕ(x)=25−x3 ,当x
∈
[
1
,
2
]
\in [1,2]
∈[1,2]时有:
ϕ
′
(
x
)
=
−
3
x
2
2
<
0
\phi^{'}(x) = -\frac{3x^{2}}{2} < 0
ϕ′(x)=−23x2<0
∣
ϕ
′
(
x
)
∣
=
∣
3
x
2
2
∣
≥
3
∗
1
3
2
=
1.5
>
1
\lvert \phi^{'}(x) \rvert = \lvert \frac{3x^{2}}{2} \rvert \geq \frac{3*1^3}{2} = 1.5 > 1
∣ϕ′(x)∣=∣23x2∣≥23∗13=1.5>1
固 此 迭 代 式 不 满 足 收 敛 定 理 固此迭代式不满足收敛定理 固此迭代式不满足收敛定理
(2) x = 5 x 2 + 2 x = \frac{5}{x^2+2} x=x2+25
ϕ
(
x
)
=
5
x
2
+
2
\phi(x) = \frac{5}{x^2+2}
ϕ(x)=x2+25 ,当x
∈
[
1
,
2
]
\in [1,2]
∈[1,2]时有:
ϕ
′
(
x
)
=
−
10
x
(
x
2
+
2
)
2
<
0
\phi^{'}(x) = -\frac{10x}{(x^2+2)^2} < 0
ϕ′(x)=−(x2+2)210x<0
∣
ϕ
′
(
1
)
∣
=
∣
10
(
1
2
+
2
)
2
∣
=
10
9
>
1
\lvert \phi^{'}(1) \rvert = \lvert \frac{10}{(1^2+2)^2} \rvert = \frac{10}{9} > 1
∣ϕ′(1)∣=∣(12+2)210∣=910>1
固
此
迭
代
式
不
满
足
收
敛
定
理
固此迭代式不满足收敛定理
固此迭代式不满足收敛定理
(3) x = 5 − 2 x 3 x = \sqrt[3]{ 5-2x } x=35−2x
ϕ
(
x
)
=
5
−
2
x
3
,
ϕ
′
(
x
)
=
−
2
3
∗
(
5
−
2
x
)
2
3
<
0
,
ϕ
(
x
)
单
调
递
减
且
ϕ
(
1
)
=
3
3
=
1.44224
,
ϕ
(
2
)
=
1
\phi(x) = \sqrt[3]{ 5-2x } ,\phi^{'}(x) = -\frac{2}{ 3 *\sqrt[3]{(5-2x)^2} } < 0{, }\phi(x)单调递减{且}\phi(1) = \sqrt[3]{3} = 1.44224{,}\phi(2) = 1
ϕ(x)=35−2x,ϕ′(x)=−3∗3(5−2x)22<0,ϕ(x)单调递减且ϕ(1)=33=1.44224,ϕ(2)=1
因
此
,
当
x
∈
[
1
,
2
]
时
,
ϕ
(
x
)
∈
[
3
3
,
1
]
∈
[
1
,
2
]
又
当
x
∈
[
1
,
2
]
时
有
:
{因此,当}x \in [1,2]{时}{,}\phi(x)\in[ \sqrt[3]{3} , 1 ] \in[1,2]{又当}x\in[1,2]{时有:}
因此,当x∈[1,2]时,ϕ(x)∈[33,1]∈[1,2]又当x∈[1,2]时有:
∣
ϕ
′
(
x
)
∣
=
∣
2
3
∗
(
5
−
2
x
)
2
3
∣
≤
2
3
<
1
\lvert \phi^{'}(x) \rvert = \lvert \frac{2}{ 3 *\sqrt[3]{(5-2x)^2} } \rvert \leq \frac{2}{3} < 1
∣ϕ′(x)∣=∣3∗3(5−2x)22∣≤32<1
由
收
敛
定
理
知
,
迭
代
方
式
x
=
5
−
2
x
3
收
敛
由收敛定理知,迭代方式x = \sqrt[3]{ 5-2x }{收敛}
由收敛定理知,迭代方式x=35−2x收敛
T 6
解:
令
f
(
x
)
=
2
x
+
x
−
4
,
f
(
1
)
<
0
,
f
(
2
)
>
0
,
故
f
(
x
)
在
[
1
,
2
]
内
有
根
令f(x) = 2^x+x-4 ,f(1)<0,f(2)>0,故f(x)在[1,2]内有根
令f(x)=2x+x−4,f(1)<0,f(2)>0,故f(x)在[1,2]内有根
取 ϕ ( x ) = 4 − 2 x , ∣ ϕ ′ ( x ) ∣ = ∣ − 2 x ln 2 ∣ > 1 , 所 以 此 迭 代 方 式 不 收 敛 取\phi(x) = 4-2^x, \lvert \phi{'}(x) \rvert = \lvert -2^x\ln2 \rvert >1,所以此迭代方式不收敛 取ϕ(x)=4−2x,∣ϕ′(x)∣=∣−2xln2∣>1,所以此迭代方式不收敛
取
ϕ
(
x
)
=
ln
(
4
−
x
)
1
ln
2
对
任
意
x
∈
[
1
,
2
]
,
有
取\phi(x) = \ln(4-x)\frac{1}{\ln2} 对任意x\in[1,2],有
取ϕ(x)=ln(4−x)ln21对任意x∈[1,2],有
ϕ
(
x
)
∈
[
1
,
ln
3
ln
2
]
\phi(x) \in [1, \frac{\ln3}{\ln2}]
ϕ(x)∈[1,ln2ln3]
∣
ϕ
′
(
x
)
∣
=
∣
−
1
4
−
x
1
ln
2
∣
<
1
4
−
2
1
ln
2
<
1
\lvert \phi{'}(x) \rvert = \lvert -\frac{1}{4-x}\frac{1}{\ln2} \rvert < \frac{1}{4-2}\frac{1}{\ln2} < 1
∣ϕ′(x)∣=∣−4−x1ln21∣<4−21ln21<1
固
对
迭
代
公
式
x
k
+
1
=
ln
(
4
−
x
k
)
1
ln
2
收
敛
固对迭代公式x_{k+1} = \ln(4-x_k)\frac{1}{\ln2}收敛
固对迭代公式xk+1=ln(4−xk)ln21收敛
T 9
解:
(1)
x
3
+
2
x
2
+
10
x
−
20
=
0
,
x
0
=
2
x^3+2x^2+10x-20 = 0,x_0=2
x3+2x2+10x−20=0,x0=2
令
f
(
x
)
=
x
3
+
2
x
2
+
10
x
−
20
则
f
′
(
x
)
=
3
x
2
+
4
x
+
10
令f(x) = x^3+2x^2+10x-20 则f{'}(x) = 3x^2+4x+10
令f(x)=x3+2x2+10x−20则f′(x)=3x2+4x+10
牛
顿
迭
代
格
式
为
x
k
+
1
=
x
k
−
x
k
3
+
2
x
k
2
+
10
x
k
−
20
3
x
k
2
+
4
x
k
+
10
,
取
x
0
=
2
迭
代
得
牛顿迭代格式为x_{k+1} = x_k - \frac{x_k^3+2x_k^2+10x_k-20}{3x_k^2+4x_{k}+10},取x_0=2迭代得
牛顿迭代格式为xk+1=xk−3xk2+4xk+10xk3+2xk2+10xk−20,取x0=2迭代得
x i x_i xi | 数值 |
---|---|
x 0 x_0 x0 | 2.000000000000000 |
x 1 x_1 x1 | 1.466666666666667 |
x 2 x_2 x2 | 1.371512013805921 |
x 3 x_3 x3 | 1.368810222633895 |
x 4 x_4 x4 | 1.368808107822667 |
取 x ∗ = 1.368808107822667 取x^* = 1.368808107822667 取x∗=1.368808107822667
(2) x 3 − 2 x 2 + x = 0 , x 0 = 1 x^3-2x^2+x=0,x_0=1 x3−2x2+x=0,x0=1
令
f
(
x
)
=
x
3
−
2
x
2
+
x
=
0
则
f
′
(
x
)
=
3
x
2
−
4
x
+
1
令f(x)=x^3-2x^2+x=0则f{'}(x)=3x^2-4x+1
令f(x)=x3−2x2+x=0则f′(x)=3x2−4x+1
牛
顿
迭
代
格
式
为
x
k
+
1
=
x
k
−
x
k
3
−
2
x
k
2
+
x
k
=
0
3
x
k
2
−
4
x
k
+
1
,
取
x
0
=
1
迭
代
得
牛顿迭代格式为x_{k+1} = x_k - \frac{x_k^3-2x_k^2+x_k=0}{3x_k^2-4x_k+1},取x_0=1迭代得
牛顿迭代格式为xk+1=xk−3xk2−4xk+1xk3−2xk2+xk=0,取x0=1迭代得
x i x_i xi | 数值 |
---|---|
x 0 x_0 x0 | 1.000000000000000 |
T 13
解:
x
k
+
1
=
x
k
−
f
(
x
k
)
f
′
(
x
k
)
,
x
k
+
1
−
x
k
=
−
f
(
x
k
)
f
′
(
x
k
)
x_{k+1} = x_k - \frac{f( x_k )}{f{'}(x_k)},x_{k+1}-x_k = - \frac{f( x_k )}{f{'}(x_k)}
xk+1=xk−f′(xk)f(xk),xk+1−xk=−f′(xk)f(xk)
x
k
+
1
−
x
k
(
x
k
−
x
k
−
1
)
2
=
−
f
(
x
k
)
f
′
(
x
k
)
(
x
k
−
x
k
−
1
)
2
(1)
\frac{x_{k+1}-x_k}{ (x_k - x_{k-1})^2 } = -\frac{ f(x_k) }{ f{'}(x_k)(x_k - x_{k-1})^2 } \tag{1}
(xk−xk−1)2xk+1−xk=−f′(xk)(xk−xk−1)2f(xk)(1)
由
泰
勒
展
开
式
得
:
f
(
x
k
)
=
f
(
x
k
−
1
)
+
f
′
(
x
k
−
1
)
(
x
k
−
x
k
−
1
)
+
1
2
!
f
′
′
(
ξ
)
(
x
k
−
x
k
−
1
)
2
(2)
由泰勒展开式得 :f(x_k) = f(x_{k-1}) +f{'}(x_{k-1})(x_k-x_{k-1})+\frac{1}{2!}f{''}( \xi )(x_k-x_{k-1})^2 \tag{2}
由泰勒展开式得:f(xk)=f(xk−1)+f′(xk−1)(xk−xk−1)+2!1f′′(ξ)(xk−xk−1)2(2)
其
中
ξ
∈
[
x
k
,
x
k
−
1
]
,
联
立
(
1
)
(
2
)
式
得
:
其中\xi \in[x_k,x_{k-1}],联立(1)(2)式得:
其中ξ∈[xk,xk−1],联立(1)(2)式得:
x
k
+
1
−
x
k
(
x
k
−
x
k
−
1
)
2
=
−
1
2
f
′
′
(
ξ
)
f
′
(
x
k
)
\frac{x_{k+1}-x_k}{ (x_k - x_{k-1})^2 } = -\frac{1}{2} \frac{ f{''}(\xi) }{ f{'}(x_k) }
(xk−xk−1)2xk+1−xk=−21f′(xk)f′′(ξ)
即
lim
k
→
∞
x
k
+
1
−
x
k
(
x
k
−
x
k
−
1
)
2
=
−
1
2
f
′
′
(
x
∗
)
f
′
(
x
k
)
即 \lim_{k \to \infty} \frac{x_{k+1}-x_k}{ (x_k - x_{k-1})^2 } = -\frac{1}{2} \frac{ f{''}(x^*) }{ f{'}(x_k) }
即k→∞lim(xk−xk−1)2xk+1−xk=−21f′(xk)f′′(x∗)
T 14
解:
取
x
k
+
1
=
x
k
−
f
(
x
k
)
f
(
x
k
)
−
f
(
x
k
−
1
)
(
x
k
−
x
k
−
1
)
,
x
0
=
1.5
,
x
1
=
1.4
得
:
取x_{k+1} = x_k - \frac{ f(x_k) }{ f(x_k) - f(x_{k-1}) }( x_k - x_{k-1} ),x_0=1.5,x_1 = 1.4得:
取xk+1=xk−f(xk)−f(xk−1)f(xk)(xk−xk−1),x0=1.5,x1=1.4得:
x i x_i xi | 数值 |
---|---|
x 0 x_0 x0 | 1.5 |
x 1 x_1 x1 | 1.4 |
x 2 x_2 x2 | 1.369968340117594 |
x 3 x_3 x3 | 1.368818540524493 |
x 4 x_4 x4 | 1.368808111324548 |
x 5 x_5 x5 | 1.368808107821383 |
取 x ∗ = 1.368808107821383 取x^* = 1.368808107821383 取x∗=1.368808107821383