Java中String和byte[]互转问题

最近使用tlv协议传输数据，发现Java中的String存放二进制数剧是有问题的。代码如下：

        byte[] bytes ={3,53,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,32,1,0,1,0,0,1,17,0,0,84,1,-128,97,97,97,97,97};    
        for(int i=0; i<40; ++i){
            System.out.print(bytes[i] + ",");
        }
        System.out.println();


        String str = new String(bytes, 0 , bytes.length, "UTF-8");  
        byte[] bytes_t = str.getBytes();//这个byte[]与之前的不相同       
        for(int i=0; i<40; ++i){
            System.out.print(bytes_t[i] + ",");
        }

输出结果为:
3,53,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,32,1,0,1,0,0,1,17,0,0,84,1,-128,97,97,97,97,97,
3,53,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,32,1,0,1,0,0,1,17,0,0,84,1,63,97,97,97,97,97,

可以看出用String构造函数生成的String，经过getBytes()函数后，得到的byte数组与之前的不一样。
所以当byte[]包含二进制数据时，不能用String构造函数将String转化为byte数组。
（如果是字符串经过getBytes()后得到的byte[]，这样互转是没有问题的）

正确的方法应该是把byte[]转化为16进制字符串；
然后再逆转化，就可以得到原来的byte[]。

byte[]和16进制字符串互转代码：

/**
     * byte[]转化为16进制字符串
     * @param src
     * @return
     */
    public static String bytesToHexString(byte[] src){  
        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder("");  
        if (src == null || src.length <= 0) {  
            return null;  
        }  
        for (int i = 0; i < src.length; i++) {  
            int v = src[i] & 0xFF;  
            String hv = Integer.toHexString(v);  
            if (hv.length() < 2) {  
                stringBuilder.append(0);  
            }  
            stringBuilder.append(hv);  
        }  
        return stringBuilder.toString();  
    }

    /**
     * 16进制字符串转化为byte[]
     * @param hexString
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] hexStringToBytes(String hexString) {  
        if (hexString == null || hexString.equals("")) {  
            return null;  
        }  
        hexString = hexString.toUpperCase();  
        int length = hexString.length() / 2;  
        char[] hexChars = hexString.toCharArray();  
        byte[] d = new byte[length];  
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {  
            int pos = i * 2;  
            d[i] = (byte) (charToByte(hexChars[pos]) << 4 | charToByte(hexChars[pos + 1]));
        }  
        return d;  
    }

    private static byte charToByte(char c) {
        return (byte) "0123456789ABCDEF".indexOf(c);
    }  

主函数调用：

String str_bin = bytesToHexString(bytes);
System.out.println(str_bin);

bytes = hexStringToBytes(str_bin);
for(int i=0; i<40; ++i){
    System.out.print(bytes[i] + ",");
}

输出：
03350000000000000000000000000000000000000000200100010000011100005401806161616161
3,53,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,32,1,0,1,0,0,1,17,0,0,84,1,-128,97,97,97,97,97,

可以看出互转之后byte[]是没有问题的。