Java网络编程

Java网络编程Socket

网络编程实质

		两个(或多个)设备(例如计算机)之间的数据传输。

Socket

		socket是BSD UNIX的通信机制，通常称为“套接字”

Socket工作原理

对于服务器来说先初始化Socket再绑定端口，再对其端口监听，调用accept阻塞，等待客户端连接请求
对于客户端来说先初始化Socket,绑定端口和IP，然后申请连接。
客户端申请连接，服务器接受申请并回复申请许可，发送数据，关闭连接。这里涉及到TCP三次握手连接

实现代码

客户端

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Client {
    private Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
    private Socket socket;
    private InputStream is;
    private OutputStream os;
 public Client() {
        while(true){
            try {
                //获取socket对象，绑定端口
                socket = new Socket("localhost",9999);
                /***************向服务器发送信息*****************/
                System.out.println("请输入向服务器发送的消息");
                String str = scanner.next();
                //获取输出流
                os = socket.getOutputStream();
                os.write(str.getBytes("utf-8"));
                os.flush();
                socket.shutdownOutput();
                 /****************发送信息到服务器结束******************/
                //获取输入流
                is = socket.getInputStream();
                //缓存流存储数据
                BufferedReader bu = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is,"utf-8"));
                String str1 = bu.readLine();
                System.out.println("服务器发送的信息为："+str1);
                //结束输入
                socket.shutdownInput();
                 } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
     public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Client();
    }
}

服务器

package socket;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Server {
    private ServerSocket ss;
    private Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
    private Socket socket;
    private InputStream is;
    private OutputStream os;

    public Server() {
        try {
            ss = new ServerSocket(9999);
            System.out.println("服务器已启动");
            while(true){
                /************服务器接收信息**************/
                //侦听客户端请求，获取socket
                socket = ss.accept();
                //获取输入流
                is = socket.getInputStream();
                //缓存流存储数据
                BufferedReader bu = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is,"utf-8"));
                String str = bu.readLine();
                System.out.println("客户端传递的信息为："+str);
                //结束输入
                socket.shutdownInput();
                /**********服务器接收信息结束*********************/
                /***************服务器发送信息*****************/
                System.out.println("请输入向客户端发送的消息");
                String str1 = scanner.next();
                //获取输出流
                os = socket.getOutputStream();
                os.write(str1.getBytes("utf-8"));
                os.flush();
                socket.shutdownOutput();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Server();
    }
}