使用JavaMailSender来发送邮件。
1,导入pom.xml包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>
2,在 application.properties 中添加邮箱配置
spring.mail.host=smtp.163.com
spring.mail.username=*****@163.com
spring.mail.password=授权码
spring.mail.default-encoding=UTF-8
mail.fromMail.addr=*****@163.com
3,编写mail service:
package com.example.email.service.impl;
import com.example.email.service.MailService;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.io.File;
@Component
public class MailServiceImpl implements MailService {
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
@Autowired
private JavaMailSender mailSender;
@Value("${mail.fromMail.addr}")
private String from;
/**
* 发送文本邮件
* @param to
* @param subject
* @param content
*/
@Override
public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content) {
SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
message.setFrom(from);
message.setTo(to);
message.setSubject(subject);
message.setText(content);
try {
mailSender.send(message);
logger.info("简单邮件已经发送。");
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("发送简单邮件时发生异常!", e);
}
}
/**
* 发送html邮件
* @param to
* @param subject
* @param content
*/
@Override
public void sendHtmlMail(String to, String subject, String content) {
MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
try {
//true表示需要创建一个multipart message
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setFrom(from);
helper.setTo(to);
helper.setSubject(subject);
helper.setText(content, true);
mailSender.send(message);
logger.info("html邮件发送成功");
} catch (MessagingException e) {
logger.error("发送html邮件时发生异常!", e);
}
}
/**
* 发送带附件的邮件
* @param to
* @param subject
* @param content
* @param filePath
*/
public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, String filePath){
MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
try {
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setFrom(from);
helper.setTo(to);
helper.setSubject(subject);
helper.setText(content, true);
FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(filePath));
String fileName = filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf(File.separator));
helper.addAttachment(fileName, file);
//helper.addAttachment("test"+fileName, file);
mailSender.send(message);
logger.info("带附件的邮件已经发送。");
} catch (MessagingException e) {
logger.error("发送带附件的邮件时发生异常!", e);
}
}
/**
* 发送正文中有静态资源(图片)的邮件
* @param to
* @param subject
* @param content
* @param rscPath
* @param rscId
*/
public void sendInlineResourceMail(String to, String subject, String content, String rscPath, String rscId){
MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
try {
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setFrom(from);
helper.setTo(to);
helper.setSubject(subject);
helper.setText(content, true);
FileSystemResource res = new FileSystemResource(new File(rscPath));
helper.addInline(rscId, res);
mailSender.send(message);
logger.info("嵌入静态资源的邮件已经发送。");
} catch (MessagingException e) {
logger.error("发送嵌入静态资源的邮件时发生异常!", e);
}
}
}
这里分为多种情况,发送 html 格式邮件,发送带附件的邮件,发送带静态资源的邮件,邮件模板
对于邮件模板,需要在resorces/templates下创建emailTemplate.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
您好,这是验证邮件,请点击下面的链接完成验证,<br/>
<a href="#" th:href="@{ http://www.baidu.com/eric/{id}(id=${id}) }">激活账号</a>
</body>
</html>
4,测试类:
package com.example.email;
import com.example.email.service.MailService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.context.Context;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class MailServiceTest {
@Autowired
private MailService mailService;
@Autowired
private TemplateEngine templateEngine;
@Test
public void testSimpleMail() throws Exception {
mailService.sendSimpleMail("littleengineer@163.com","I wonder if the e-mail I sent on November 4 ever","I sent you an e-mail on August 12 concerning the possibility of us using portions of the program your company developed lately. As we haven’t heard from you yet, I would appreciate it very much if you would be kind enough to contact us as soon as possible.");
}
@Test
public void testHtmlMail() throws Exception {
String content="<html>\n" +
"<body>\n" +
" <h3>hello world ! 这是一封html邮件!</h3>\n" +
"</body>\n" +
"</html>";
mailService.sendHtmlMail("littleengineer@163.com","wonder if the e-mail I sent on",content);
}
@Test
public void sendAttachmentsMail() {
String filePath="e:\\tmp\\application.log";
mailService.sendAttachmentsMail("littleengineer@163.com", "主题:带附件的邮件", "有附件,请查收!", filePath);
}
@Test
public void sendInlineResourceMail() {
String rscId = "neo006";
String content="<html><body>这是有图片的邮件:<img src=\'cid:" + rscId + "\' ></body></html>";
String imgPath = "C:\\Users\\eric\\Pictures\\favicon.png";
mailService.sendInlineResourceMail("littleengineer@163.com", "主题:这是有图片的邮件", content, imgPath, rscId);
}
@Test
public void sendTemplateMail() {
//创建邮件正文
Context context = new Context();
context.setVariable("id", "006");
String emailContent = templateEngine.process("emailTemplate", context);
mailService.sendHtmlMail("littleengineer@163.com","主题:这是模板邮件",emailContent);
}
}
发送失败
邮件发送失败的情况,比如:邮件发送过于频繁、网络异常等。在出现这种情况的时候,一般考虑重新重试发送邮件,会分为以下几个步骤来实现:
- 1、接收到发送邮件请求,首先记录请求并且入库。
- 2、调用邮件发送接口发送邮件,并且将发送结果记录入库。
- 3、启动定时系统扫描时间段内,未发送成功并且重试次数小于3次的邮件,进行再次发送
异步发送
很多时候邮件发送并不是主业务必须关注的结果,比如通知类、提醒类的业务可以允许延时或者失败。这个时候可以采用异步的方式来发送邮件,加快主交易执行速度,在实际项目中可以采用MQ发送邮件相关参数,监听到消息队列之后启动发送邮件。可以参考rabbitmq的使用。