1、前言
发送邮件应该是网站的必备拓展功能之一,注册验证,忘记密码或者是给用户发送营销信息。正常我们会用JavaMail相关api来写发送邮件的相关代码,但现在springboot提供了一套更简易使用的封装。
2、Mail依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot-mail.version}</version>
</dependency>
来看看其依赖树:
可以看到spring-boot-starter-mail-xxx.jar对Sun公司的邮件api功能进行了相应的封装。
3、Mail自动配置类: MailSenderAutoConfiguration
其实肯定可以猜到Spring Boot对Mail功能已经配置了相关的基本配置信息,它是Spring Boot官方提供,其类为MailSenderAutoConfiguration:
//MailSenderAutoConfiguration
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ MimeMessage.class, MimeType.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(MailSender.class)
@Conditional(MailSenderCondition.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(MailProperties.class)
@Import(JndiSessionConfiguration.class)
public class MailSenderAutoConfiguration {
private final MailProperties properties;
private final Session session;
public MailSenderAutoConfiguration(MailProperties properties,
ObjectProvider<Session> session) {
this.properties = properties;
this.session = session.getIfAvailable();
}
@Bean
public JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender() {
JavaMailSenderImpl sender = new JavaMailSenderImpl();
if (this.session != null) {
sender.setSession(this.session);
}
else {
applyProperties(sender);
}
return sender;
}
//other code...
}
首先,它会通过注入Mail的属性配置类MailProperties:
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.mail")
public class MailProperties {
private static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
/**
* SMTP server host.
*/
private String host;
/**
* SMTP server port.
*/
private Integer port;
/**
* Login user of the SMTP server.
*/
private String username;
/**
* Login password of the SMTP server.
*/
private String password;
/**
* Protocol used by the SMTP server.
*/
private String protocol = "smtp";
/**
* Default MimeMessage encoding.
*/
private Charset defaultEncoding = DEFAULT_CHARSET;
/**
* Additional JavaMail session properties.
*/
private Map<String, String> properties = new HashMap<String, String>();
/**
* Session JNDI name. When set, takes precedence to others mail settings.
*/
private String jndiName;
/**
* Test that the mail server is available on startup.
*/
private boolean testConnection;
//other code...
}
在MailSenderAutoConfiguration自动配置类中,创建了一个Bean,其类为JavaMailSenderImpl,它是Spring专门用来发送Mail邮件的服务类,SpringBoot也使用它来发送邮件。它是JavaMailSender接口的实现类,通过它的send()方法来发送不同类型的邮件,主要分为两类,一类是简单的文本邮件,不带任何html格式,不带附件,不带图片等简单邮件,还有一类则是带有html格式文本或者链接,有附件或者图片的复杂邮件。
4、发送邮件
通用配置application.properties:
# 设置邮箱主机
spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.com
# 设置用户名
spring.mail.username=xxxxxx@qq.com
# 设置密码,该处的密码是QQ邮箱开启SMTP的授权码而非QQ密码
spring.mail.password=pwvtabrwxogxidac
# 设置是否需要认证,如果为true,那么用户名和密码就必须的,
# 如果设置false,可以不设置用户名和密码,当然也得看你的对接的平台是否支持无密码进行访问的。
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=true
# STARTTLS[1] 是对纯文本通信协议的扩展。它提供一种方式将纯文本连接升级为加密连接(TLS或SSL),而不是另外使用一个端口作加密通信。
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=true
mail.from=${spring.mail.username}
mail.to=yyyyyy@qq.com
由于使用QQ邮箱的用户占多数,所以这里选择QQ邮箱作为测试。还有注意的是spring.mail.password这个值不是QQ邮箱的密码,而是QQ邮箱给第三方客户端邮箱生成的授权码。具体要登录QQ邮箱,点击设置,找到SMTP服务:
默认SMTP服务是关闭的,即默认状态为关闭状态,如果是第一次操作,点击开启后,会通过验证会获取到授权码;而我之前已经开启过SMTP服务,所以直接点击生成授权码后通过验证获取到授权码。
自定义的MailProperties配置类,用于解析mail开头的配置属性:
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mail")
public class MailProperties {
private String from;
private String to;
//getter and setter...
}
4.1、测试发送简单文本邮件
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class SimpleMailTest {
@Autowired
private MailService mailService;
@Test
public void sendMail(){
mailService.sendSimpleMail("测试Springboot发送邮件", "发送邮件...");
}
}
sendSimpleMail():
@Override
public void sendSimpleMail(String subject, String text) {
SimpleMailMessage mailMessage = new SimpleMailMessage();
mailMessage.setFrom(mailProperties.getFrom());
mailMessage.setTo(mailProperties.getTo());
mailMessage.setSubject(subject);
mailMessage.setText(text);
javaMailSender.send(mailMessage);
}
观察结果:
4.2、测试发送带有链接和附件的复杂邮件
事先准备一个文件file.txt,放在resources/public/目录下。
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class MimeMailTest {
@Autowired
private MailService mailService;
@Test
public void testMail() throws MessagingException {
Map<String, String> attachmentMap = new HashMap<>();
attachmentMap.put("附件", "file.txt的绝对路径");
mailService.sendHtmlMail("测试Springboot发送带附件的邮件", "欢迎进入<a href=\"http://www.baidu.com\">百度首页</a>", attachmentMap);
}
}
sendHtmlMail():
@Override
public void sendHtmlMail(String subject, String text, Map<String, String> attachmentMap) throws MessagingException {
MimeMessage mimeMessage = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
//是否发送的邮件是富文本(附件,图片,html等)
MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true);
messageHelper.setFrom(mailProperties.getFrom());
messageHelper.setTo(mailProperties.getTo());
messageHelper.setSubject(subject);
messageHelper.setText(text, true);//重点,默认为false,显示原始html代码,无效果
if(attachmentMap != null){
attachmentMap.entrySet().stream().forEach(entrySet -> {
try {
File file = new File(entrySet.getValue());
if(file.exists()){
messageHelper.addAttachment(entrySet.getKey(), new FileSystemResource(file));
}
} catch (MessagingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
}
javaMailSender.send(mimeMessage);
}
观察结果:
4.3、测试发送模版邮件
这里使用Freemarker作为模版引擎。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-freemarker</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot-freemarker.version}</version>
</dependency>
事先准备一个模版文件mail.ftl
<html>
<body>
<h3>你好, <span style="color: red;">${username}</span>, 这是一封模板邮件!</h3>
</body>
</html>
模版测试类:
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class MailTemplateTest {
@Autowired
private MailService mailService;
@Test
public void testFreemarkerMail() throws MessagingException, IOException, TemplateException {
Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
params.put("username", "Cay");
mailService.sendTemplateMail("测试Springboot发送模版邮件", params);
}
}
sendTemplateMail():
@Override
public void sendTemplateMail(String subject, Map<String, Object> params) throws MessagingException, IOException, TemplateException {
MimeMessage mimeMessage = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true);
helper.setFrom(mailProperties.getFrom());
helper.setTo(mailProperties.getTo());
Configuration configuration = new Configuration(Configuration.VERSION_2_3_28);
configuration.setClassForTemplateLoading(this.getClass(), "/templates");
String html = FreeMarkerTemplateUtils.processTemplateIntoString(configuration.getTemplate("mail.ftl"), params);
helper.setSubject(subject);
helper.setText(html, true);//重点,默认为false,显示原始html代码,无效果
javaMailSender.send(mimeMessage);
}
观察结果:
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