使用Socket与TCP实现服务端与客户端的聊天

对于Socket与TCP的简单理解

在中国，人与人通过“手机”，使用“普通话”进行通信，在应用程序之间，程序与程序通过“Socket”，使用“TCP协议进行通信”

具体操作

Socket通过IP地址访问服务器，通过端口号确定需要通信的应用程序

下图清晰的展示了客户端与服务器 请求、连接、发送数据最后断开的整个流程。

学习笔记

上面有详细的编码步骤

界面

源码

客户端代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WindowsFormsApplication1
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
        }
        //创建负责连接与通讯的sockerClient
        Socket socketClient= new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Stream,ProtocolType.Tcp);
        private void btn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //创建负责连接与通信的socketClient
             
            //获取服务器端的IP与端口
            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(label2.Text);
            int port = int.Parse(textBox1.Text);
            //绑定终结点
            IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(ip,port);
            //连接
            socketClient.Connect(point);
            ShowMsg("正在连接中***");
            //不断的接收服务端发来的消息
            Thread th = new Thread(Receive);
            th.IsBackground = false;
            th.Start();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 不断的接受客户端发来的消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="str"></param>
        void Receive()
        {
            while (true)
            {
                try
                {
                 //接收
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024*1024*2];
                //使用Receive接收
                int r = socketClient.Receive(buffer);
                if (r==0)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("服务器端已停止运行");
                    break;
                }
                //将接受的信息转换为字符串
                string str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer,0,r);
                ShowMsg("服务器端："+str);
                }
                catch {}
            }

        }


        /// <summary>
        ///  //消息框
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="str"></param>
       
        void ShowMsg(string str)
        {
            this.txtMg.AppendText(str + "\r\n");
        }

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            MsgSend();
        }

        ///发送消息
        void MsgSend()
        {
            string str = txtMsg.Text;
            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str);
            ShowMsg("客户端："+str);
            socketClient.Send(buffer);
            
        }
    }
}

====================================
服务器端代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Socket服务器端2
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        //窗体预加载事件
        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //允许跨线程访问
            Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
            //txtip.Text = (IPAddress.Any).ToString();
            //获取本机IP
            txtip.Text=Dns.GetHostEntry(Dns.GetHostName()).AddressList.Where(n => n.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork).ToList()[0].ToString();
        }


        //创建用于监听的Socket
        //开始监听
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                //创建负责监听的Socket
                Socket socketWatch = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream,  ProtocolType.Tcp);
                
                //设置获取本机IP
                IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Any;
                
                //获取端口号，转换成整数类型
                int port = Convert.ToInt32(this.textBox1.Text);

                //创建终结点(ip和服务端口组合称为终结点)
                IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(ip,port);

                //绑定终结点
                socketWatch.Bind(point);

                //设置监听队列
                socketWatch.Listen(10);
               
                //通过ShowMsg方法显示监听成功的消息提示
                ShowMsg("已开始监听...");

                //创建线程等待客户连接
                Thread th = new Thread(Listen);
                th.IsBackground = true;
                th.Start(socketWatch);
            }
            catch{}
        }



        void ShowMsg(string str)
        {
            this.txtMs.AppendText(str + "\r\n");
        }


        //创建用于通信的socket
        Socket socketSend;
        //循环等待客户端连接和接收消息
        void Listen(object o)
        {
            //如果socketWatch不为空,将o转换为Socket类型
            //      socketWatch为空,不转换  
            Socket socketWatch = o as Socket;
            while (true)
            {
                //使用socket对象的Accept方法创建一个用于通信的socket,等待连接
                 socketSend = socketWatch.Accept();

                //显示连接成功的客户端IP
                ShowMsg(socketSend.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + ":" + "连接成功");
                //向客户端通知连接成功
                string str = "你已经成功连接上";
                byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str);
                socketSend.Send(buffer);
                //创建新线程不停的接收客户端发来的消息
                Thread th = new Thread(Receive);
                th.IsBackground = true;
                th.Start(socketSend);
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 发送消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string str = txtMsg.Text;
            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str);
            socketSend.Send(buffer);
            ShowMsg(str);
        }

        ///不断的接收客户端发过来的消息
        void Receive(object o)
        {
            Socket socketSend = o as Socket;
            while (true)
            {
                try
                {
            //服务器接收客户端发来的消息
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 2];           
            int r= socketSend.Receive(buffer);
            if (r==0)
            {
                break;
            }
            string str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, r);
            ShowMsg(socketSend.RemoteEndPoint+"客户端："+str); 

                }
                catch 
                { }

            }

        }
    }
}

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