ArcObjects帮助文档翻译--使用单实例对象 Interacting with singleton objects

使用单实例对象 原文链接：http://resources.arcgis.com/en/help/arcobjects-net/conceptualhelp/#/Interacting_with_singleton_objects/00010000043p000000/ 关于单实例对象 单实例对象就是只能有一个实例的对象。AO中的单实例对象需要由Activator来创建并用ComReleaser来释放。另外，AO中的对象是不允许跨线程调用的。所以9.x以后的版本中，单实例对象是针对线程的，而不是针对进程的，更多信息请参考“多线程”部分。 单实例与System._ComObject 在“Using ArcObjects (COM-based) in .NET”部分介绍了当用new来实例化对象的时候，创建的是强类型的RCW，如果对象在这之前已经存在了，那么RCW的类型就是“System._ComObject”。有时当用new来实例化时，得到的是一个指向已经存在的对象的引用，比如当你想实例化一个之前已经被实例化过的单实例对象时。 .NET框架没有办法把已经打包在通用System.__ComObject RCW里的实例再打包进强类型的RCW里，所以这种情况下有可能会报出“Unable to cast object of type System.__ComObject to type <Typename>“的错误。比如： [C#] ESRI.ArcGIS.Display.IStyleGallery sg = new ESRI.ArcGIS.Framework.StyleGalleryClass();   在上面这段代码里，虽然声明变量用的是接口而不是实现类，还是一样有可能会报错，原因是当你实例化一个变量时，.net运行时会首先尝试把它打包在强类型的类里（可以new出来的类）然后再转换为接口，但是因为这个对象之前已经在通用System._ComObject里了，所以就不能成功的被放在强类型的RCW里。这种情况往往是你自己控制不了了，比如其他第三方写的AO工具可能把某个对象打包进通用类里了。解决方法就是用Activator类来初始化单实例对象。另外，一般情况下在AO程序中声明变量时都要用接口，而不是实现类。    用Activator创建单实例对象 使用Activator.CreateInstance方法来创建单实例对象，而不是用new，就能够避免上面的错误发生了，因为Activator能够获得到接口转换所需要的元数据，如： [C#] Type t = Type.GetTypeFromProgID("esriFramework.StyleGallery"); System.Object obj = Activator.CreateInstance(t); IStyleGallery sg = obj as IStyleGallery;   初始化AppRef类 同样的方法可以用来初始化AppRef类，但是需要注意AppRef类只用用于ArcGIS应用程序里（属于通用System._ComObject RCW），不能用在Engine程序里,示例： [C#] Type t = Type.GetTypeFromProgID("esriFramework.AppRef"); System.Object obj = Activator.CreateInstance(t); ESRI.ArcGIS.Framework.IApplication pApp = obj as ESRI.ArcGIS.Framework.IApplication;   ArcObjects中的单实例对象 下面的列表列出了AO中的单实例对象们，带星号的是每个进程只能有一个实例的对象，常规的不带星号的是每个线程只能有一个实例的对象：   Class Library ProgID GUID Location AccessWorkspaceFactory DataSourcesGDB esriDataSourcesGDB.AccessWorkspaceFactory dd48c96a-d92a-11d1-aa81-00c04fa33a15 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server ActionEnvironment* TrackingAnalyst esriTrackingAnalyst.ActionEnvironment 1e18428c-86eb-4678-a987-f8157feb77cf ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server AGAnimationUtils Animation esriAnimation.AGAnimationUtils 2835514b-1a02-4142-8474-31d48d9063a8 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server AGSServerConnectionFactory GISClient esriGISClient.AGSServerConnectionFactory 7932a86e-f371-4c64-ab84-9e83dda2581b ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server AMSWorkspaceFactory TrackingAnalyst esriTrackingAnalyst.AMSWorkspaceFactory a677ab59-2fb8-11d5-b7e2-00010265adc5 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server AnimationControlsDialog AnimationUI esriAnimationUI.AnimationControlsDialog 0a44bca2-ec21-4ea3-85d3-a0aae57127e5 ArcGIS for Desktop AnimationCreateKeyframeDialog AnimationUI esriAnimationUI.AnimationCreateKeyframeDialog 8c253bb9-4da2-4ab5-aceb-c6686006c37a ArcGIS for Desktop AnimationFromPathDialog AnimationUI esriAnimationUI.AnimationFromPathDialog dfde1249-74bb-48d3-aae8-b3155f25fd52 ArcGIS for Desktop AnimationLayerGroupDialog AnimationUI esriAnimationUI.AnimationLayerGroupDialog ebf7b926-ee3c-4773-b81e-a7fef23cd7ce ArcGIS for Desktop AnimationManagerDialog AnimationUI esriAnimationUI.AnimationManagerDialog f68848ca-f6af-40aa-8eaf-3305890aee5c ArcGIS for Desktop AnimationTypeCamera 3DAnalyst esri3DAnalyst.AnimationTypeCamera 500f4707-a798-11d5-b2a0-00508bcdde28 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server AnimationTypeGlobeCamera GlobeCore esriGlobeCore.AnimationTypeGlobeCamera d4565495-e2f9-4d89-a8a7-d0b69fd7a424 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server AnimationTypeGlobeLayer GlobeCore esriGlobeCore.AnimationTypeGlobeLayer 7ccba704-3933-4d7a-8e89-4dfee88aa937 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server AnimationTypeLayer 3DAnalyst esri3DAnalyst.AnimationTypeLayer 24aa4279-adf3-11d5-b2a0-00508bcdde28 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server AnimationTypeMapLayer Animation esriAnimation.AnimationTypeMapLayer 0a965644-11f1-4901-a0cf-9989bfd27b6d ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server AnimationTypeMapView Animation esriAnimation.AnimationTypeMapView fd22a714-0eef-4312-8703-d81e5476e28a ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server AnimationTypeScene 3DAnalyst esri3DAnalyst.AnimationTypeScene 24aa427a-adf3-11d5-b2a0-00508bcdde28 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server AnimationTypeTimeLayer Animation esriAnimation.AnimationTypeTimeLayer a85b10a9-9eab-4f93-9259-5fbae98000eb ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server AppRef* Framework esriFramework.AppRef e1740ec5-9513-11d2-a2df-0000f8774fb5 ArcGIS fr Desktop ArcInfoWorkspaceFactory DataSourcesFile esriDataSourcesFile.ArcInfoWorkspaceFactory 1d887452-d9f2-11d1-aa81-00c04fa33a15 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server CadWorkspaceFactory DataSourcesFile esriDataSourcesFile.CadWorkspaceFactory 9e2c27ce-62c6-11d2-9aed-00c04fa33299 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server CieLabConversion Display esriDisplay.CieLabConversion 137e39dc-3e98-11d2-aaf7-00c04fa334b3 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server CommandsEnvironment Controls esriControls.CommandsEnvironment 46d9c72e-4dc2-4589-b809-a51fc4a57684 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server DddEnvironment 3DAnalystUI esri3DAnalystUI.DddEnvironment 94305472-592e-11d4-80ee-00c04fa0adf8 ArcGIS for Desktop DddServerEnvironment Geodatabase esriGeodatabase.DddServerEnvironment 3b6c52a4-7231-4189-b341-c30e7fb58bcf ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server DDDToolbarEnvironment 3DAnalystUI esri3DAnalystUI.DDDToolbarEnvironment 2d73b143-8f1c-11d4-a10f-00508bd60cb9 ArcGIS for Desktop DEGdbUtilities Geodatabase esriGeodatabase.DEGdbUtilities 48f71b4d-72ce-42aa-a45c-5c180f6e78e8 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server DEUtilities Geoprocessing esriGeoprocessing.DEUtilities f0c2aa3e-b2f1-4208-9843-6a3c70a4680a ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server DummyGraduatedMarkerLayer Carto esriCarto.DummyGraduatedMarkerLayer 238ccd1a-7fbc-11d2-87dc-0000f8751720 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server DummyLayer Carto esriCarto.DummyLayer 238ccd19-7fbc-11d2-87dc-0000f8751720 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server EngineEditor Controls esriControls.EngineEditor 4afaf64d-0cb2-4adb-bc88-9fb07548d10d ArcGIS Engine EngineNetworkAnalystEnvironment Controls esriControls.EngineNetworkAnalystEnvironment 7da28a78-4027-4cc8-a8c3-fd31c6f22e9e ArcGIS Engine EnvironmentManager System esriSystem.EnvironmentManager 8a626d49-5f5e-47d9-9463-0b802e9c4167 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server ErrorDialog SystemUtility esriSystemUtility.ErrorDialog 40accbda-720a-4b17-980b-b173f791958e ArcGIS Engine (C++ only) ErrorMessage SystemUtility esriSystemUtility.ErrorMessage 672fb3aa-c6de-44e0-b767-c53d33ef9879 ArcGIS Engine (C++ only) ExcelWorkspaceFactory DataSourcesOleDB esriDataSourcesOleDB.ExcelWorkspaceFactory 30f6f271-852b-4ee8-bd2d-099f51d6b238 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server ExtensionManager System esriSystem.ExtensionManager 6120bc0a-3d90-4274-97ca-713c41f1faff ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server FileGDBWorkspaceFactory DataSourcesGDB esriDataSourcesGDB.FileGDBWorkspaceFactory 71fe75f0-ea0c-4406-873e-b7d53748ae7e ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server FindDialog CatalogUI esriCatalogUI.FindDialog ad0b37a9-d396-11d3-a6f3-0008c7d3ae50 ArcGIS for Desktop FormatList DataSourcesRaster esriDataSourcesRaster.FormatList 53b7c0b9-41fb-4b00-b51a-fa5cc5b785fe ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server GeoDatabaseHelper Geodatabase esriGeodatabase.GeoDatabaseHelper 4e35da0b-c5d1-4ac9-bd62-b36b4155ee4b ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server GMxEffectsToolbarEnvironment ArcGlobe esriArcGlobe.GMxEffectsToolbarEnvironment 3eafa611-dc74-4c29-bab6-c401e7c76ac6 ArcGIS for Desktop GPGlobeFunctionFactory GlobeCore esriGlobeCore.GPGlobeFunctionFactory 9e8cedbd-fd6f-41d8-93a0-35207790ba08 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server GPHolder Geoprocessing esriGeoprocessing.GPHolder 602b0005-0ad2-41f1-a831-c640d8586cad ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server GPSAUtil SpatialAnalyst esriSpatialAnalyst.GPSAUtil 0c4404c3-276c-475b-bf33-dd35082e5e3a ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server GPServerFunctionFactory Geoprocessing esriGeoprocessing.GPServerFunctionFactory f8ac2c04-deec-43f4-86ef-246f91f12856 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server GpsPositionDialog ArcMapUI esriArcMapUI.GpsPositionDialog f56723f3-063d-4b4a-89b9-f03afadf2078 ArcGIS for Desktop GPUtilities Geoprocessing esriGeoprocessing.GPUtilities 59e42101-2f33-4b6d-8cee-eed9d98d1957 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server GxCatalogROT CatalogUI esriCatalogUI.GxCatalogROT 04faa368-046b-4cfe-81cb-1c8201f9cad3 ArcGIS for Desktop GxDatabaseExtensions Catalog esriCatalog.GxDatabaseExtensions 27E179F2-4F3E-11D3-9F52-00C04F6BDF06 ArcGIS for Desktop IdentifyDialog CartoUI esriCartoUI.IdentifyDialog f8aab776-8b1e-11d3-9f7a-00c04f6bc886 ArcGIS for Desktop IMSWorkspaceFactory GISClient esriGISClient.IMSWorkspaceFactory bac84d58-fa9d-11d3-9f48-00c04f79927c ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server InMemoryWorkspaceFactory DataSourcesGDB esriDataSourcesGDB.InMemoryWorkspaceFactory 7f2bc55c-b902-43d0-a566-aa47ea9fda2c ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server LabelEnvironment Carto esriCarto.LabelEnvironment 76765b96-ce78-11d2-9f36-00c04f6bc6a5 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server LayerEffectsEnvironment ArcMapUI esriArcMapUI.LayerEffectsEnvironment 377aba22-2019-11d3-9f97-00c04f6bc78e ArcGIS for Desktop LocatorManager Location esriLocation.LocatorManager e0f10b7a-eb7c-11d2-9f47-00c04f8ed1c4 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server MemoryRelationshipClassFactory Geodatabase esriGeodatabase.MemoryRelationshipClassFactory 2fc5c57b-eb92-4a61-bbc5-434e388bf3b9 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server MessageLogger System esriSystem.MessageLogger a2e96efd-d501-433b-941f-83447916b8f6 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server MetadataSynchronizer Geodatabase esriGeodatabase.MetadataSynchronizer c10124ee-3648-445e-a16b-9d2755fbd690 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server MonitorSettings Display esriDisplay.MonitorSettings 9db25fe0-3c75-11d2-aaf6-00c04fa334b3 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server MyPlaceCollection Controls esriControls.MyPlaceCollection 83307360-8be1-4df2-b301-1e619a965b5c ArcGIS Engine NADirectionsWindowManager NetworkAnalystUI esriNetworkAnalystUI.NADirectionsWindowManager bc36cf3b-1fc1-461d-92df-ca51cdc9c84c ArcGIS for Desktop NetCDFWorkspaceFactory DataSourcesNetCDF esriDataSourcesNetCDF.NetCDFWorkspaceFactory df61a9e1-b8e2-498f-bde5-98de42e801f9 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server NetworkIdentifyDialog NetworkAnalystUI esriNetworkAnalystUI.NetworkIdentifyDialog e4c692c6-f721-4ba4-a000-83893af482ae ArcGIS for Desktop OLEDBWorkspaceFactory DataSourcesOleDB esriDataSourcesOleDB.OLEDBWorkspaceFactory 59158055-3171-11d2-aa94-00c04fa37849 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server PCCoverageWorkspaceFactory DataSourcesFile esriDataSourcesFile.PCCoverageWorkspaceFactory 6de812d2-9ab6-11d2-b0d7-0000f8780820 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server RasterAnalysisToolbarEnvironment SpatialAnalystUI esriSpatialAnalystUI.RasterAnalysisToolbarEnvironment 89daddfd-79ec-4f5e-8252-ae716a89ac15 ArcGIS for Desktop RasterAttributeTableManager DataSourcesRaster esriDataSourcesRaster.RasterAttributeTableManager fe143bf3-8d4e-415a-a7e9-a3ac29ab65a7 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server RasterDefaultsEnv Carto esriCarto.RasterDefaultsEnv eb0d0573-c109-11d2-9f43-00c04f8ed21a ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server RasterSettings SpatialAnalystUI esriSpatialAnalystUI.RasterSettings 8ac2f518-ed49-11d2-9f40-00c04f8ed1d7 ArcGIS for Desktop RasterStatus DataSourcesRaster esriDataSourcesRaster.RasterStatus 83220700-5844-11d4-8d9b-00c04f5b87b2 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server RasterWorkspaceFactory DataSourcesRaster esriDataSourcesRaster.RasterWorkspaceFactory 4c91d963-3390-11d2-8d25-0000f8780535 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server RelQueryTableFactory Geodatabase esriGeodatabase.RelQueryTableFactory 9b4e4d0c-753a-43bb-83fb-ba16f6652e1c ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server SAExtension SpatialAnalystUI esriSpatialAnalystUI.SAExtension 3c5059fe-9f15-401a-94ed-eed914d73e3e ArcGIS for Desktop SchematicProjectMgr Schematic esriSchematic.SchematicProjectMgr c578262a-16c2-4f5a-a526-d738addc8208 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server SchematicWorkspaceFactory Schematic esriSchematic.SchematicWorkspaceFactory e18fc71c-fda7-4c7b-a824-c024d7900b5d ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server ScratchWorkspaceFactory DataSourcesGDB esriDataSourcesGDB.ScratchWorkspaceFactory 06dc8e4c-951c-11d2-ae75-080009ec732a ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server SDCWorkspaceFactory DataSourcesFile esriDataSourcesFile.SDCWorkspaceFactory 34dae34f-dbe2-409c-8f85-ddbb46138011 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server SdeWorkspaceFactory DataSourcesGDB esriDataSourcesGDB.SdeWorkspaceFactory d9b4fa40-d6d9-11d1-aa81-00c04fa33a15 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server SelectionEnvironment Carto esriCarto.SelectionEnvironment e3875b71-d9f5-11d1-add4-080009ec732a ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server ServerStyleGallery Display esriDisplay.ServerStyleGallery 9cdcf7da-63b8-4f23-b769-1db1bceadd35 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server ShapefileWorkspaceFactory DataSourcesFile esriDataSourcesFile.ShapefileWorkspaceFactory a06adb96-d95c-11d1-aa81-00c04fa33a15 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server SpatialReferenceEnvironment Geometry esriGeometry.SpatialReferenceEnvironment 7b5b7020-c4f6-11d1-bc92-0000f875bcce ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server StreetMapWorkspaceFactory DataSourcesFile esriDataSourcesFile.StreetMapWorkspaceFactory ae2469e8-e110-4cd6-b3f4-a756cbf921ca ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server StyleGallery Framework esriFramework.StyleGallery ac0e9827-91cb-11d1-8813-080009ec732a ArcGIS for Desktop SxAnimationEnvironment 3DAnalyst esri3DAnalyst.SxAnimationEnvironment 592d0b58-82ad-11d5-b29b-00508bcdde28 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server SxEffectsToolbarEnvironment ArcScene esriArcScene.SxEffectsToolbarEnvironment 80e3f11d-c4bb-11d4-b27e-00508bcdde28 ArcGIS for Desktop SymbologyEnvironment Display esriDisplay.SymbologyEnvironment 65856cd8-ad04-11d3-9fc2-00c04f6bc8dd ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server SystemHelper System esriSystem.SystemHelper be49d696-3c46-4b81-960b-f67d1bbd238d ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server TAExtension TrackingAnalystUI esriTrackingAnalystUI.TAExtension d53bf20f-24fb-11d4-b34c-00104ba2abcc ArcGIS for Desktop TextFileWorkspaceFactory DataSourcesOleDB esriDataSourcesOleDB.TextFileWorkspaceFactory 72ce59ec-0be8-11d4-ae03-00c04fa33a15 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server TexturePersistenceProperties Geometry esriGeometry.TexturePersistenceProperties 01cfeaf1-4d26-4084-84f8-7d2fda7c40d9 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server TinWorkspaceFactory DataSourcesFile esriDataSourcesFile.TinWorkspaceFactory ad4e89d9-00a5-11d2-b1ca-00c04f8edeff ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server TMS_MarshalHelper TrackingAnalyst esriTrackingAnalyst.TMS_MarshalHelper 6e5bff39-dcc0-11d6-b861-00010265adc5 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server ToolboxWorkspaceFactory Geoprocessing esriGeoprocessing.ToolboxWorkspaceFactory e9231b31-2a34-4729-8de2-12cf39674b1b ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server TrackingEnvironment TrackingAnalyst esriTrackingAnalyst.TrackingEnvironment ef13642c-42da-4095-8a5b-c4f9c6a7bbe3 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server VpfWorkspaceFactory DataSourcesFile esriDataSourcesFile.VpfWorkspaceFactory 397847f9-c865-11d3-9b56-00c04fa33299 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server WMSConnectionFactory GISClient esriGISClient.WMSConnectionFactory f7c34345-87ce-4ab5-9ca8-2012d7241075 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server WorkspaceFactory Geodatabase esriGeodatabase.WorkspaceFactory FBF5715D-A05D-11D4-A64C-0008C711C8C1 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server XMLTypeMapper System esriSystem.XMLTypeMapper dcb0f748-2d17-40b5-90c2-7d0b39660405 ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Server * These are singletons that only support one instance of the object per process.