gcc、makefile和git（二）

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已于 2023-10-16 16:28:46 修改

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文章标签： git

于 2023-05-22 11:55:24 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/openliu/article/details/130804341

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简介

现在讲述如何写 makefile 的文章很多，从几页的简易版到几十页、几百页的详细版都有。Makefile 有自己的书写格式、关键字、函数、隐含规则，像C语言一样灵活多变、功能强大。在Makefile中还可以使用系统shell所提供的任何命令来完成想要的工作，这又涉及shell编程知识。一般算法工程师也不会花太多时间去琢磨makefile和shell的语法细节，再加上gcc编译选项的复杂性，总而言之，makefile+shell+gcc用好了也能写出简洁的Makefile脚本完成复杂的编译任务。当遇到用不好的情况，要去解决makefile错误信息简直就是一个灾难。

因此，针对常见的使用场景（1、当前目录下多个测试代码片段的demo程序。2、当前目录是算法代码，需要生成库和测试程序），编写了2个万能脚本，再增加代码文件也基本不用修改makefile脚本文件。通过这2个脚本能熟练掌握makefile的基础知识，即使不用，也可以用作查找问题时的一个参考模板。构建万能makefile五部曲结构：设置编译器、指定代码-输出目标、all完成编译过程、clean清除生成文件、dist发布版本。

代码下载地址：

https://gitcode.net/openliu/devtools/-/tree/master/Makefile

A. makefile for demos

#
# Makefile for building demos
# Copyright by 'Audio Algorithm & Engineering Practice'.
# Usage:
#       make
#       make CROSS_COMPILE=armv7a-linux-androideabi28
#       make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-android28
#       make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf
#       make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu
#       make CROSS_COMPILE=none
$(info =============Start==============)
ifeq ($(CROSS_COMPILE), )
  CROSS_COMPILE=armv7a-linux-androideabi28
endif
ifeq ($(CROSS_COMPILE), armv7a-linux-androideabi28)
  CC = ~/android-ndk-r19c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/armv7a-linux-androideabi28-clang
  AR = ~/android-ndk-r19c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-ar
  CFLAGS += -DARM_MATH_NEON
endif
ifeq ($(CROSS_COMPILE), aarch64-linux-android28)
  CC = ~/android-ndk-r19c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/aarch64-linux-android28-clang
  AR = ~/android-ndk-r19c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/aarch64-linux-android-ar
  CFLAGS += -DARM_MATH_NEON -static
endif
ifeq ($(CROSS_COMPILE), arm-linux-gnueabihf)
  CC = ~/gcc-linaro-12.2.1-2023.04-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
  AR = ~/gcc-linaro-12.2.1-2023.04-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-ar
  CFLAGS += -DARM_MATH_NEON -mfpu=neon -static
endif
ifeq ($(CROSS_COMPILE), aarch64-linux-gnu)
  CC = ~/gcc-linaro-12.2.1-2023.01-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
  AR = ~/gcc-linaro-12.2.1-2023.01-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/arch64-linux-gnu-ar
  CFLAGS += -DARM_MATH_NEON -static
endif
ifeq ($(CROSS_COMPILE), none)
  CC = gcc
  AR = ar
endif
CFLAGS += -O3 -Wall -I./
CXXFLAGS += -O3 -Wall -I./
LDFLAGS += -lstdc++ -ldl -lpthread -lm -L./
#****************************************************************************
SOURCES = $(wildcard *.c)
Targets = $(patsubst %.c, %, $(SOURCES))
#****************************************************************************
.PHONY:all clean
all: $(Targets)
	$(info =============End==============)
$(Targets): %: %.c
	$(info target: $@)
	@mkdir -p bin
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o bin/$@ $<
clean:
	rm bin -rf

编译命令：

make clean;make

make clean;make CROSS_COMPILE=armv7a-linux-androideabi28

make clean;make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-android28

make clean;make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf

make clean;make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu

上述模板的缺点是不能分别指定不同的编译器或者编译选项，这时不用上述模板，直接把gcc编译命令写在makefile1文件即可，编译命令：make -f makefile1

arm-android-clang = ~/android-ndk-r19c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/armv7a-linux-androideabi28-clang
arm-android-ar = ~/android-ndk-r19c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-ar
arch64-android-clang = ~/android-ndk-r19c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/aarch64-linux-android28-clang
arch64-android-ar = ~/android-ndk-r19c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/aarch64-linux-android-ar
arm-linaro-gcc = ~/gcc-linaro-12.2.1-2023.04-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
arm-linaro-ar = ~/gcc-linaro-12.2.1-2023.04-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-ar
arch64-linaro-gcc = ~/gcc-linaro-12.2.1-2023.01-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
arch64-linaro-ar = ~/gcc-linaro-12.2.1-2023.01-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/arch64-linux-gnu-ar
CC = gcc
AR = ar
.PHONY:all clean
all: arm armv8 matmul dotprod

arm:%:%.c
	$(info target: $@)
	@mkdir -p bin
	$(arm-android-clang) -O3 -o bin/$@ $<
armv8:%:%.c
	$(info target: $@)
	$(arm-linaro-gcc) -O3 -static -o bin/$@ $<
matmul:%:%.c
	$(info target: $@)
	$(arm-linaro-gcc) -O3 -mfpu=neon -static -DARM_MATH_NEON -o bin/$@ $<
dotprod:%:%.cx
	$(info target: $@)
	$(arch64-android-clang) -xc -O3 -march=armv8.2-a+dotprod -I./ -o bin/$@ $<
	$(arch64-linaro-gcc) -xc -O3 -march=armv8.2-a+dotprod -S $< -o bin/$@.s
	$(arch64-linaro-gcc) -xc -O3 -march=armv8.2-a+dotprod $< -o bin/$@1
	$(arch64-linaro-gcc) -xc -O3 -static -march=armv8.2-a+dotprod -I./ -o bin/$@2 $<
clean:
	rm bin -rf

B.makefile for library

#
# Makefile for building library
# Copyright by 'Audio Algorithm & Engineering Practice'.
# Usage:
#       make
#       make CROSS_COMPILE=armv7a-linux-androideabi28
#       make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-android28
#       make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf
#       make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu
#       make CROSS_COMPILE=none
$(info =============Start==============)
ifeq ($(CROSS_COMPILE), )
  CROSS_COMPILE=armv7a-linux-androideabi28
endif
ifeq ($(CROSS_COMPILE), armv7a-linux-androideabi28)
  CC = ~/android-ndk-r19c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/armv7a-linux-androideabi28-clang
  AR = ~/android-ndk-r19c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-ar
  CFLAGS += -DARM_MATH_NEON
  CFLAGSEXE =
endif
ifeq ($(CROSS_COMPILE), aarch64-linux-android28)
  CC = ~/android-ndk-r19c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/aarch64-linux-android28-clang
  AR = ~/android-ndk-r19c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/aarch64-linux-android-ar
  CFLAGS += -DARM_MATH_NEON
  CFLAGSEXE = -static
endif
ifeq ($(CROSS_COMPILE), arm-linux-gnueabihf)
  CC = ~/gcc-linaro-12.2.1-2023.04-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
  AR = ~/gcc-linaro-12.2.1-2023.04-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-ar
  CFLAGS += -DARM_MATH_NEON -mfpu=neon
  CFLAGSEXE = -static
endif
ifeq ($(CROSS_COMPILE), aarch64-linux-gnu)
  CC = ~/gcc-linaro-12.2.1-2023.01-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
  AR = ~/gcc-linaro-12.2.1-2023.01-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-ar
  CFLAGS += -DARM_MATH_NEON
  CFLAGSEXE = -static
endif
ifeq ($(CROSS_COMPILE), none)
  CC = gcc
  AR = ar
endif
CFLAGS += -fPIC -O3 -Wall -I./
CXXFLAGS += -O3 -Wall -I./
#LDFLAGS += -Wl,-soname=libalg.so -Wl,--no-whole-archive
LDFLAGS += -lstdc++ -ldl -lm -L./lib
#****************************************************************************
SOURCES = $(filter-out test.c, $(wildcard *.c))
OBJS = $(patsubst %.c, ./obj/%.o, $(SOURCES))
LIB_STATIC = ./lib/libalg.a
LIB_DYNAMIC = ./lib/libalg.so

TestSOURCES = test.c
TestOBJS = ./obj/test.o
#****************************************************************************
.PHONY:all clean dist

all:alglibrary test test_so
	$(info =============End==============)
alglibrary:$(LIB_STATIC) $(LIB_DYNAMIC)

$(LIB_STATIC):$(OBJS)
	@mkdir -p lib
	$(AR) rc $(LIB_STATIC) $(OBJS)

$(LIB_DYNAMIC):$(OBJS)
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -shared -o $(LIB_DYNAMIC) $(OBJS)

$(OBJS):./obj/%.o:%.c
	$(info =============Obj==============)
	$(info dbg: $(SOURCES) $(OBJS))
	$(info dbg: $@ $<)
	@mkdir -p obj
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@

test:$(TestOBJS) $(LIB_STATIC)
	$(info target: $@ $^)
	$(CC) $(CFLAGSEXE) -o $@ $^
	#./test
test_so:$(TestOBJS)
	$(info target: $@ $^)
	$(CC) -o $@ $^ -L./lib -lalg
	#./test_so
$(TestOBJS):$(TestSOURCES)
	$(info dbg: $@ $<)
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@

clean:
	$(info =============make clean==============)
	rm -rf lib obj release test test_so release.tar.gz

dist:
	@mkdir -p release
	cp ./lib/* release/ -rf
	cp ./*.h release/ -rf
	cp $(TestSOURCES) release/ -rf
	tar -czvf release.tar.gz release/

编译命令：

make clean;make

make clean;make CROSS_COMPILE=armv7a-linux-androideabi28

make clean;make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-android28

make clean;make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf

make clean;make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu

make clean;make CROSS_COMPILE=none

C.开发&测试环境

编译环境信息：

audio@ubuntu:~/$ getconf LONG_BIT

audio@ubuntu:~/$ uname -a

Linux ubuntu 5.4.0-122-generic #138~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jun 24 21:14:03 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

运行环境信息：

console:/ # getconf LONG_BIT

console:/ # uname -a

Linux localhost 5.4.225-gc4839768cf9b-dirty #1 SMP PREEMPT Thu May 19 21:34:52 UTC 2023 armv8l

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gcc、makefile和git（二）

一般算法工程师也不会花太多时间去琢磨makefile和shell的语法细节，再加上gcc编译选项的复杂性，总而言之，makefile+shell+gcc用好了也能写出简洁的Makefile脚本完成复杂的编译任务。2、当前目录是算法代码，需要生成库和测试程序），编写了2个万能脚本，再增加代码文件也基本不用修改makefile脚本文件。上述模板的缺点是不能分别指定不同的编译器或者编译选项，这时不用上述模板，直接把gcc编译命令写在makefile1文件即可，编译命令：make -f makefile1。
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