C# WinForm GUI之WinForm基础

Windows窗体（Windows Form）。
WinForm，可视界面，显示信息，窗体和控件接收用户操作（鼠标点击，输入等），生成事件，并作出反应（事件发生时进行相应处理）。

创建WinForm

窗体（Form）是存放控件（TextBox、Button、Label等）的容器，显示信息。C#桌面Windows应用程序可由多个窗体构成。

1. Visual Studio 2019创建窗体

创建C# Windows窗体应用（.NET Framework）项目，添加窗体（Windows窗体）。

2. 文本编辑器创建窗体

MyForm.cs

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

class MyForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form{
    MyForm(){
        this.Text = "记事本";
    }
    static void Main(){
        Application.Run(new MyForm());
    }
}

##-t:winexe生成gui程序，无命令行窗口
csc MyForm.cs -t:winexe

窗体的基本操作

1. 创建新窗体
   vs2019工具箱添加各种控件。
2. 设置属性
   属性窗口设置控件属性。
3. 编写代码
   双击Button控件触发Button的Click事件，编写代码。
   或者先编写代码，控件事件属性中去设置。
4. 运行项目
   F5运行。
5. 窗体交互
   窗体间传递数据及相互调用。

Form1.Designer.cs

namespace WindowsFormsApp1
{
    partial class Form1
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 必需的设计器变量。
        /// </summary>
        private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源，为 true；否则为 false。</param>
        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposing && (components != null))
            {
                components.Dispose();
            }
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }

        #region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码

        /// <summary>
        /// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要修改
        /// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。
        /// </summary>
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.SuspendLayout();
            // 
            // button1
            // 
            this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(297, 218);
            this.button1.Name = "button1";
            this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(171, 48);
            this.button1.TabIndex = 0;
            this.button1.Text = "跳转到Form2";
            this.button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
            this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
            // 
            // textBox1
            // 
            this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(297, 138);
            this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
            this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(171, 25);
            this.textBox1.TabIndex = 1;
            // 
            // Form1
            // 
            this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(8F, 15F);
            this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(800, 450);
            this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1);
            this.Controls.Add(this.button1);
            this.Name = "Form1";
            this.Text = "Form1";
            this.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.PerformLayout();

        }

        #endregion

        private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
    }
}

Form1.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WindowsFormsApp1
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        public static string str;//用于窗体间传递
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            str = textBox1.Text;
            Form2 f2 = new Form2();
            f2.Show();
            this.Hide();
        }
    }
}

Form2.Designer.cs

namespace WindowsFormsApp1
{
    partial class Form2
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Required designer variable.
        /// </summary>
        private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// Clean up any resources being used.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>
        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposing && (components != null))
            {
                components.Dispose();
            }
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }

        #region Windows Form Designer generated code

        /// <summary>
        /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
        /// the contents of this method with the code editor.
        /// </summary>
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.SuspendLayout();
            // 
            // textBox1
            // 
            this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(337, 85);
            this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
            this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(140, 25);
            this.textBox1.TabIndex = 0;
            // 
            // button1
            // 
            this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(337, 139);
            this.button1.Name = "button1";
            this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(140, 41);
            this.button1.TabIndex = 1;
            this.button1.Text = "跳转到Form1";
            this.button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
            this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
            // 
            // button2
            // 
            this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(337, 213);
            this.button2.Name = "button2";
            this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(140, 46);
            this.button2.TabIndex = 2;
            this.button2.Text = "结束程序";
            this.button2.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
            this.button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button2_Click);
            // 
            // Form2
            // 
            this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(8F, 15F);
            this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(800, 450);
            this.Controls.Add(this.button2);
            this.Controls.Add(this.button1);
            this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1);
            this.Name = "Form2";
            this.Text = "Form2";
            this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form2_Load);
            this.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.PerformLayout();

        }

        #endregion

        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2;
    }
}

Form2.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WindowsFormsApp1
{
    public partial class Form2 : Form
    {
       
        public Form2()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Form2_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.textBox1.Text = Form1.str;

        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Form1 f1 = new Form1();
            f1.Show();
            this.Close();
        }

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Application.Exit();
        }
    }
}

Program.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WindowsFormsApp1
{
    static class Program
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 应用程序的主入口点。
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
            Application.Run(new Form1());
        }
    }
}

csc *.cs -t:winexe

控件的常用属性、方法和事件

1. 控件焦点
   控件具有焦点时，才能接收用户的输入。比如文本框具有焦点才能输入文字。
   Enabled属性决定控件是否回应用户事件，Visible属性决定控件是否可见。
   只有Enabled和Visible属性为true，才能接收焦点。
   GroupBox、PictureBox、Timer等不能接收焦点。
   Tab键能够转移焦点，TabIndex属性能够调整焦点顺序。

Form1.Designer.cs

namespace test7_2
{
    partial class Form1
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 必需的设计器变量。
        /// </summary>
        private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源，为 true；否则为 false。</param>
        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposing && (components != null))
            {
                components.Dispose();
            }
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }

        #region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码

        /// <summary>
        /// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要修改
        /// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。
        /// </summary>
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.textBox2 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.textBox3 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.label3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.SuspendLayout();
            // 
            // button1
            // 
            this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(206, 268);
            this.button1.Name = "button1";
            this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);
            this.button1.TabIndex = 3;
            this.button1.Text = "计算";
            this.button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
            this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
            // 
            // button2
            // 
            this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(414, 284);
            this.button2.Name = "button2";
            this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);
            this.button2.TabIndex = 4;
            this.button2.Text = "退出";
            this.button2.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
            this.button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button2_Click);
            // 
            // textBox1
            // 
            this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(414, 72);
            this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
            this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 25);
            this.textBox1.TabIndex = 0;
            // 
            // textBox2
            // 
            this.textBox2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(423, 127);
            this.textBox2.Name = "textBox2";
            this.textBox2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 25);
            this.textBox2.TabIndex = 1;
            // 
            // textBox3
            // 
            this.textBox3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(423, 195);
            this.textBox3.Name = "textBox3";
            this.textBox3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 25);
            this.textBox3.TabIndex = 2;
            // 
            // label1
            // 
            this.label1.AutoSize = true;
            this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(229, 72);
            this.label1.Name = "label1";
            this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(45, 15);
            this.label1.TabIndex = 11;
            this.label1.Text = "加 数";
            // 
            // label2
            // 
            this.label2.AutoSize = true;
            this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(232, 127);
            this.label2.Name = "label2";
            this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(52, 15);
            this.label2.TabIndex = 11;
            this.label2.Text = "被加数";
            // 
            // label3
            // 
            this.label3.AutoSize = true;
            this.label3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(235, 182);
            this.label3.Name = "label3";
            this.label3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(45, 15);
            this.label3.TabIndex = 11;
            this.label3.Text = "结 果";
            // 
            // Form1
            // 
            this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(8F, 15F);
            this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(800, 450);
            this.Controls.Add(this.label3);
            this.Controls.Add(this.label2);
            this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
            this.Controls.Add(this.textBox3);
            this.Controls.Add(this.textBox2);
            this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1);
            this.Controls.Add(this.button2);
            this.Controls.Add(this.button1);
            this.Name = "Form1";
            this.Text = "Form1";
            this.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.PerformLayout();

        }

        #endregion

        private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox2;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox3;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Label label3;
    }
}

Form1.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace test7_2
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            int str = Convert.ToInt32(textBox1.Text) + Convert.ToInt32(textBox2.Text);
            textBox3.Text = Convert.ToString(str);
        }

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Application.Exit();
        }
    }
}

Program.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace test7_2
{
    static class Program
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 应用程序的主入口点。
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
            Application.Run(new Form1());
        }
    }
}

csc *.cs -t:winexe

2. 窗体常用属性
   所有控件派生于Control类。

（1）name
唯一标识控件ID。

（2）Text
窗体标题栏显示文本，button、label等控件常用属性。

（3）BackColor和BackgroundImage
BackColor背景颜色；
BackgroundImage背景图片（根据大小平铺、拉伸、居中或缩放等）。

（4）Font、ForeColor、FormBorderStyle
Font显示文本字体设置，字体名、字号、样式等；
ForeColor文本和图形的默认前景色；
FormBorderStyle边框外观和样式，默认Sizeable。

（5）Icon
Icon指定System菜单和任务栏显示图标。
System.Drawing.Bitmap.FormFile(IconPath)

（6）MaximizeBox、MaximumSize、MinimizeBox、MinimizeSize
MaximizeBox指定启用或禁止System菜单和标题栏上“最大化”命令；
MaximumSize窗体最大大小，默认(0,0,)无限制；
MinimizeBox指定启用或禁止System菜单和标题栏上“最大化”命令；
MinimizeSize窗体最小大小。

（7）Size
初始大小，Width，Height。

（8）Enable
是否响应用户事件，默认true。
false则只能移动位置、调整大小、关闭或最小最大化，不能操作窗体内控件。
Form1.Enable=false;

（9）Visible
是否隐藏。
Form1.Visible=false;

3. 常用方法和事件

（1）Show

public void Show();
public void Show(IWin32Windows owner);
//owner:任何实现IWin32Windows（表示拥有此窗体的顶级窗口）的对象。

显示窗体。

Form1 f1 = new Fom1();
f1.Show();

（2）Hide
隐藏窗体。

Form1 f1 = new Fom1();
f1.Hide();

（3）Close
关闭窗体。

Form1 f1 = new Fom1();
f1.Close();

（4）Click、DobuleClick
单击鼠标左键触发；
双击事件。
（5）Load
窗体加载时触发，窗体空白处双击生成。

private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e){

}

（6）FormClosing
窗体关闭时触发。

private void Form1_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e){

}

（7）其他事件
vs2019事件属性窗口可查看。