SpringMvc 完整上传文件流程（Ajax请求）头像，图片上传

1、config包下的操作

1.1、创建MyWebApplicationInit类

如何创建第一个SpringMvc步骤 以配置类的形式代替xml文件（点击链接查看）

1.2、设置文件大小（自定义）

1.3、创建SpringMvcConfig类 并实现 WebMvcConfigurer接口

@EnableWebMvc
public class SpringMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    //视图解析器
    @Bean
    public ViewResolver viewResolver() {
        InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver =
        new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
        viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        return viewResolver;
    }
    //配置WebMvc相关配置，实现接口 WebMvcConfigurer

    //静态资源处理
    @Override
    public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
        configurer.enable();
    }

    //文件解析器
    @Bean
    public MultipartResolver multipartResolver() {
        StandardServletMultipartResolver multipartResolver =
        new StandardServletMultipartResolver();
        return multipartResolver;
    }

}

1.4、创建AppConfig类 @Import注解导入类

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("")//注解扫描如：com.xxx
@Import({SpringMvcConfig.class, SpringConfig.class})
public class AppConfig {

}

1.5、我的config包下面的类

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2、Service包下面的操作

2.1、定义接口FileService类

public interface FileService {
    public String upload(MultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception;
}

2.2、创建FileServiceImpl并实现FileService接口

@Service
public class FileServiceImpl implements FileService {
    @Override
    public String upload(MultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
        //文件上传
        List<String> allowFile= Arrays.asList("jpg","png","gif","bmp");
        //1.获取文件的名
        String filename = file.getOriginalFilename();
        System.out.println("filename：文件名" + filename);
        String suffix = FileUtil.getSuffix(filename);//文件后缀名

 //    if (!allowFile.contains(suffix)){
 //         throw new FileUploadException("文件格式错误");
 //    }

        System.out.println("suffix：文件后缀" + suffix);
        byte[] bytes = file.getBytes();//文件大小
        System.out.println("bytes:文件大小" + bytes.length);

    
        //2.上传路径
        String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
        FileUtil.writeBytes(bytes, path + "/" + filename);
        File dir = FileUtil.mkdir(path);
        if (!dir.exists()) {
            dir.mkdir();//创建文件夹
        }
        //3.拼接真实文件
        String uuid = IdUtil.randomUUID();
        File uploadFile = new File(path + "/" + uuid + "." + suffix);
        //上传文件
        file.transferTo(uploadFile);
        return uuid+"."+suffix;
    }
}

2.3、我的Service包

3、文件上传操作

3.1、创建xxx.jsp

注意要导入jquery

<script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/static/js/jquery.js"></script>>

<form id="userForm" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/add" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  姓名<input type="text" name="username"/><br>
  <input type="text" id="avatar" name="avatar"/>
  头像<input type="file" id="file" name="file"/><br>
  预览 <div id="yulan"></div><br>
  <input type="submit" value="上传"/>
</form>

3.2、发送ajax请求

$("#file").change(function () {
    let url = '${pageContext.request.contextPath}/upload';
                 //发送ajax请求
                 $.ajax({
                     url: url,
                     type: "post",//必须是post
                     data: new FormData($("#userForm")[0]),//带有 enctype="multipart/form-data"
                     processData: false,//告诉JQuery不要去处理发送的数据
                     contentType: false,//告诉JQuery不要去处理发送的数据
                     success: function (res) {
                         $("#avatar").val(res);
                         //获取文件上传的图片并且展示
                         let img=$("<img src='${pageContext.request.contextPath}/upload/"+res+"'>")
                         $("#yulan").empty().append(img)

                     },
                     error: function () {
                         alert("上传失败")
                  }
          })
 })

3.3、控制层接收请求

 @RequestMapping(value = "/add",produces="application/json;charset=utf-8")
    public String add(SysUser sysUser) {
        System.out.println(sysUser.getUsername());
        System.out.println(sysUser.getAvatar());
        return "index";
    }

@RequiredArgsConstructor
@RestController
public class FilerController {

    private final FileService fileService;

    @RequestMapping("/upload")
    public String upload(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("upload.class");
        System.out.println(file);
        return   fileService.upload(file, request);
    }

}

3.4我的包

4、效果图

5、需要导入的jar包

<dependencies>


<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>6.1.11</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>6.0.0</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.34</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>2.0.27</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.17.2</version>
</dependency>


<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>5.8.27</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>