Word Search

DFS + Back tracking：

1. 总是要抱着recursion的大腿的

2. 标记visited

3. 要还原还原！一般结构是 revision -》 recursion -》 restore

The word can be constructed from letters of sequentially adjacent cell, where "adjacent" cells are those horizontally or vertically neighboring. The same letter cell may not be used more than once.

For example,
Given board =

[
  ["ABCE"],
  ["SFCS"],
  ["ADEE"]
]

word  =  "ABCCED" , -> returns  true ,
word  =  "SEE" , -> returns  true ,

word = "ABCB", -> returns false.

public class Solution {
    public boolean exist(char[][] board, String word) {
        if (board == null || board.length == 0 || word.length() == 0) return false;
        
        for (int i = 0; i < board.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < board[0].length; j++) {
                if (board[i][j] == word.charAt(0)) {
                    boolean res = find(board, word, i, j, 0);
                    if (res) {
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    public boolean find(char[][]board, String word, int i, int j, int start) {
        if (start == word.length()) {
            return true;
        }
        if ( i < 0 || i >= board.length
           ||j < 0 || j >= board[0].length 
           || word.charAt(start) != board[i][j] ) {
            return false;
        }
        
        board[i][j] = '*';
        
        boolean res = (find(board, word, i+1, j, start+1) ||
            find(board, word, i-1, j, start+1) ||
            find(board, word, i, j+1, start+1) ||
            find(board, word, i, j-1, start+1));
            
        board[i][j] = word.charAt(start);
        return res;
        
    }
}