String to Integer(atoi)

1, 考虑溢出 -》用long。 If the correct value is out of the range of representable values, INT_MAX (2147483647) or INT_MIN (-2147483648) is returned.

2，考虑+、-

3，考虑最左边的空白符

4，考虑最右边additional characters，所以要有个else break

public class Solution {
    public int atoi(String str) {
        //consider overflow
        long res = 0;
        boolean negative = false;
        if (str.length() == 0) return 0;
        int i = 0;
        int len = str.length();
        //consider the whitespace at the begining of the String
        while (i < len && str.charAt(i) == ' ') {
            i++;
        }
        if (i == len) {
            return 0;
        }
        //consider +/-
        if (str.charAt(i) == '+' || str.charAt(i) == '-') {
            if (str.charAt(i) == '-') {
                negative = true;
            }
            i++;
        }
        for (; i < str.length(); i++) {
            int temp = str.charAt(i) - '0';
            if (temp >= 0 && temp <= 9) {
               res = res *10 + temp;
               if (!negative && res >= Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
                   return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
               }
               if (negative && res >= (long)Integer.MAX_VALUE + 1) {
                   return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
               }
            } else {
                //consider additional characters
                break;
            }
        }
        if (negative) {
            res = -res;
        }
        return (int)res;
    }
}