7.IO操作

java.io包

1、File类

File是IO包中唯一能代表磁盘文件本身的对象；

java能正确处理windows和unix中的路径分隔符;windows \,unix /,如果使用\，就要用转义符\\;

java约定是用unix和url风格的斜线/来作路径分隔符；

File f = new File("d:/1.txt"); File(String directoryPath);

if (f.exists())

{f.delete();}

else{

try

{f.createNewFile();}

catch (Exception e){

e.printStackTrace();}

}

System.out.println("文件名：" + f.getName());

System.out.println("文件路径：" + f.getPath());

System.out.println("绝对路径：" + f.getAbsolutePath());

System.out.println("父文件夹名称：" + f.getParent());

System.out.println(f.exists() ?"文件存在":"文件不存在");

System.out.println(f.canWrite()?"文件可写":"文件不可写");

System.out.println(f.canRead()?"文件可读":"文件不可读");

System.out.println(f.isDirectory()?"是":"不是" +"目录");

System.out.println(f.isFile()?"是":"不是" + "文件");

System.out.println(f.isAbsolute()?"是":"不是" + "绝对路径");

System.out.println("文件最后修改时间" + f.lastModified());

System.out.println("文件大小" + f.length() + "Bytes" );

2、Java中对于数据的输入、输出操作以流(stream)的方式进行；

(四个抽象类)字节流    字符流

输入流  InputStream   Reader

输出流  OutputStream  Writer

按功能分为节点流和处理流,凡是以Stream结尾的都是节点流；

常用方法：

InputStream:int read();int read(byte[] buffer);void close();

OutputStream:void write(byte b);void write(byte[] b);void flush();void close();

Reader:int read();int read(char[] cbuf);void close();

Writeer:void write(int c); void write(char[] cbuf);void write(String string);void close();void flush();

处理流：

FileInputStream(FileNotFoundExceptinon) 、FileOutputStream;(IOExceptinon)

FileInputStream(String filePath);FileInputStream(File fileObj);

FileOutputStream(String filePath);FileOutputStream(File fileObj);FileOutputStream(String filePath,boolean append);

FileReader、 FileWriter;

BufferedInputStream、 BufferedOutputStream;

BufferedReader、 BufferedWriter;

InputStreadReader、 OutputStreamWriter;

DataInputStream、 DataOutputStream;

PrintStrem(针对字节)、 PrintWriter(针对字符);

Object流：直接将Object写入或读出；

public class TestObjectIO 

{

public static void main(String[] args)  throws Exception

{

T t = new T();

t.k = 8;

FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("F:/123.dat");

ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);

oos.writeObject(t);

oos.flush();

oos.close();

FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("F:/123.dat");

ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);

T tRead = (T)ois.readObject();

System.out.println(tRead.i +"," + tRead.j +","+ tRead.d+","+tRead.k);

}

}

class T implements Serializable

{

int i = 10;

int j = 9;

double d = 2.3;

int k = 15;transient int k = 15;//在序列化时，该变量不予考虑，不会写入文件

}