自动配置原理

1、可以查看HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration
2、通用模式

• xxxAutoConfiguration：自动配置类
• xxxProperties：属性配置类
  yml/properties文件中能配置的值就来源于属性配置类

3、几个重要的注解

• @Bean
• @Conditional
  4、 --debug查看详细的自动配置报告

1、SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候，先看容器中有没有自己配置的（@Bean,@Componet），如果有就用用户配置的，如果没有，才自动配置；如果有些组件可以有多个（ViewResolver）将用户配置的和自己默认的组合起来
2、在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置
3、在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置

自动配置原理：
1、SpringBoot启动的时候加载主配置类，开启了自动配置功能@EnableAutoConfiguration
2、@EnableAutoConfiguration的作用：
利用EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector选择器给容器中导入一些组件，在其父类中的selectImports()方法的内容。

List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata,
      attributes);获取相关配置

SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames
扫描所有jar包类路径下META-INF/spring.factories，把扫描到的这些文件的内容
包装成properties对象，从properties中获取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class（类名）对应的值，
然后把他们添加在容器中

即将类路径下META-INF/spring.factories里面配置的所有EnableAutoConfiguration的值加入到了Spring容器中

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceResolverAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceDelegatingViewResolverAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.SitePreferenceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.ReactorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.FallbackWebSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.OAuth2AutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.SocialWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.FacebookAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.LinkedInAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.TwitterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration

每一个xxxAutoConfiguration类都是容器中的一个组件，都加入到容器中，用他们来做自动配置。
以HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration配置类为例

@Configuration  //表明是一个配置类
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpEncodingProperties.class) //启动指定类的ConfigurationProperties功能
@ConditionalOnWebApplication //Spring 底层@Conditional注解，根据不同的条件，如果满足指定的条件，整个配置类里面的配置就会生效
这里是判断应用是否是web应用，如果是则生效
@ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) //判断当前项目有没有这个类
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.http.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true) //判断配置文件中是否存在某个配置 spring.http.enconding.enabled;如果不存在，判断也是成立的
即使配置文件中不配置spring.http.encoding=true，也是默认生效的
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {
    
    //该属性将会从上面的注解中映射配置文件中的相关属性值
    private final HttpEncodingProperties properties;
    //只有一个有参构造器的情况下，参数的值就会从容器中拿
    public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(HttpEncodingProperties properties) {
       this.properties = properties;
    }
    
    //如果该配置类生效，则给容器中添加一个组件，这个组件的值需要从properties中获取
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(CharacterEncodingFilter.class)//判断容器中是否不存在指定的Bean
    public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
       CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
       filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
       filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST));
       filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE));
       return filter;
    }
    

根据当前不同的条件判断，决定这个配置类是否生效，一旦这个配置类生效，这个配置类就会给容器中添加各种组件，这些组件的属性是从对应的properties类中获取的，这些类里面的每一个属性又是和配置文件绑定的。

所有的配置文件中能配置的属性都是在xxxProperties类中封装，配置文件能配置什么就可以参照某个功能那个对应的这个属性类。

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.http.encoding")
public class HttpEncodingProperties {

   public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

   /**
    * Charset of HTTP requests and responses. Added to the "Content-Type" header if not
    * set explicitly.
    */
   private Charset charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET;

   /**
    * Force the encoding to the configured charset on HTTP requests and responses.
    */
   private Boolean force;

   /**
    * Force the encoding to the configured charset on HTTP requests. Defaults to true
    * when "force" has not been specified.
    */
   private Boolean forceRequest;

总结：
1、SpringBoot启动会加载大量的自动配置类
2、我们查看我们需要的功能有没有SpringBoot默认写好的自动配置类
3、我们再来看这个自动配置类中到底配置了哪些组件（只要我们要用的组件有，我们就不需要再来配置了）
4、给容器中自动配置类添加组件的时候，会从properties类中获取某些属性，我们就可以子啊配置文件中指定这些属性的值。

自动配置类要在一定的条件下才能够生效，但是如何知道哪些自动配置类生效
可以通过在全局配置文件中启用debug=true属性，让控制台打印自动配置报告，可以方便的查看哪些配置类生效