Spring源码之bean的加载(一)

从本节开始，我们将对bean的加载进行探索。对于其的探索，我们主要是围绕着这句话进行的：MyTestBean bean = (MyTestBean)bf.getBean(“myTestBean”)。相信大家对这句并不要陌生。那么Spring的代码是如何实现这个功能的呢？这里主要的类是AbstractBeanFactory，这个类包含了主要的调用方法，然后我们再进行展开来讲解。（相关资源可到这里下载：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1sjSo9a9）

	@Override
	public Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException {
		return doGetBean(name, null, null, false);
	}

其实当读者点开AbstractBeanFactory的源码，就可以看到多个的getBean()。我们是调用MyTestBeanbean = (MyTestBean)bf.getBean(“myTestBean”)这个的，所以我们只用上面那个getBean函数就行了，而这个函数又去调用doGetBean的函数，这时候我们跟踪代码，就可以看到主要方法的调用。

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	protected <T> T doGetBean(
			final String name, final Class<T> requiredType, final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly)
			throws BeansException {

		//提取对应的beanName
		final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
		Object bean;

		// Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons.
		
		/**
		 * 检查缓存中或者实例工厂中是否有对应的实例
		 * 为什么首先会使用这段代码呢？
		 * 因为在创建单例bean的时候会存在依赖注入的情况，而在创建依赖的时候为了避免循环依赖，
		 * Spring创建bean的原则是不等bean创建完成就会创建bean的ObjectFactory提供曝光
		 * 也就是将Object加入到缓存中，一旦下个bean创建时候需要依赖上个bean则直接使用ObjectFactory
		 */
		//直接尝试从缓存获取或者singlestonFactories中的ObjetFactory中获取
		Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
		if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
					logger.debug("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
							"' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
				}
				else {
					logger.debug("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
				}
			}
			//返回对应的实例，有时候存在诸如BeanFactory的情况并不是直接返回实例本身，而是返回指定方法返回的实例
			bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
		}

		else {
			// Fail if we're already creating this bean instance:
			// We're assumably within a circular reference.
			//只有在单例情况下才会尝试解决循环依赖，原型模式情况下，如果存在A中有B的属性，B中有A的属性，那么依赖注入
			//的时候，就会产生当A还未创建完的时候因为
			//对B的创建再次返回创建A，造成循环依赖，也就是下面的情况
			if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
				throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
			}

			// Check if bean definition exists in this factory.
			BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
			//如果beanDefinitionMap中也就是在所在已经加载的类中不包括beanName则尝试从parentBeanFactory中检测
			if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
				// Not found -> check parent.
				//递归到BeanFactory中寻找
				String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
				if (args != null) {
					// Delegation to parent with explicit args.
					return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
				}
				else {
					// No args -> delegate to standard getBean method.
					return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
				}
			}
          //如果不是仅仅做类型检查则是创建bean，这里要进行记录
			if (!typeCheckOnly) {
				markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
			}

			try {
				//将存储XML配置文件的GernericBeanDefinition转换为RootBeanDefinition，如果指定BeanName是子
				//Bean的话同时会合并父类相关属性
				final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
				checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);

				// Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends on.
				String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
				if (dependsOn != null) {
					for (String dependsOnBean : dependsOn) {
						if (isDependent(beanName, dependsOnBean)) {
							throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
									"Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dependsOnBean + "'");
						}
						//缓存依赖调用
						registerDependentBean(dependsOnBean, beanName);
						getBean(dependsOnBean);
					}
				}

				// Create bean instance.
				//实例化依赖的bean后便可以实例化mdb本身
				//singleton模式的创建
				if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
					sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
						@Override
						public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
							try {
								return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
							}
							catch (BeansException ex) {
								// Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
								// eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
								// Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
								destroySingleton(beanName);
								throw ex;
							}
						}
					});
					bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
				}

				else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
					// It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
					//prototype模式的创建（new）
					Object prototypeInstance = null;
					try {
						beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
						prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
					}
					finally {
						afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
					}
					bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
				}

				else {
					//指定scope上实例化bean
					String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
					final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
					if (scope == null) {
						throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");
					}
					try {
						Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
							@Override
							public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
								beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
								try {
									return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
								}
								finally {
									afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
								}
							}
						});
						bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
					}
					catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
						throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
								"Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " +
								"defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",
								ex);
					}
				}
			}
			catch (BeansException ex) {
				cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
				throw ex;
			}
		}

		// Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance.
		//检查需要的类型是否符合bean的实际类型
		if (requiredType != null && bean != null && !requiredType.isAssignableFrom(bean.getClass())) {
			try {
				return getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
			}
			catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type [" +
							ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "]", ex);
				}
				throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
			}
		}
		return (T) bean;
	}

上面的代码比较多。对于加载过程中涉及的步骤大致可以分为以下几步：

1)        转换对应beanName。这里beanName的获取有这几个要求。首先，如果beanName含有特殊的修饰符，那么就要转换掉，如“&owe”就要转换为“owen”;其次，获取最终的beanName，如A指向B，B指向C，那么最终应该得到C。

2)        尝试从缓存中加载单例。单例在Spring的同一个容器中只会被加载创建一次，后续再获取bean，就直接从单例缓存中获取。

3)        bean的实例化。从缓存中得到的bean并不一定是我们相要的，那只是原始的bean状态，则需要对其进行实例化。

4)        原型模式的依赖检查。

5)        检测parentBeanFactory。加载有XMNL配置文件中不包含beanName所对应的配置，就只能到parentBeanFactory去尝试下了，然后再去递归的调用getBean方法。

6)        将存储XML配置文件的GernericBeanDefinition转换为RootBeanDefinition.

7)        寻找依赖。

8)        针对不同的scope进行bean的创建。在Spring中存在着不同的scope，其中默认提singleton，当然还有protope、request。

9)        类型转换。