c++ 8-结构体（指针、外部函数、嵌套、引用方式）code sample

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

struct student
{
    string name;
    string sno;
    string sex;
    string sdept;
    string classGrade;
    string address;
    int age;
    string (*generate_sentance)(string name,string classGrade,string address); //每用这个包含函数指针的结构体，一定要声明这结构体内的指针一次。
};

string generate_sentance(string name,string classGrade,string address){ //外部实现该函数内容
    return name + '\t' + classGrade + '\t' + address;
}

struct teacher
{
    string name;
    int age;
    string classGrade;
}t00;// 创建结构体的方式一；t00

struct school //结构体嵌套结构体
{
    struct student stu;
    struct teacher thr;
    string schoolName;
};


int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    struct teacher t01 = {"zhang",36,"321"};  //创建结构体的方式二，声明结构体并为内部变量赋值，也可以先声明，在指定赋值，如t01.name = ***;

    struct teacher t02; // 创建结构体的方式三

    struct teacher t03 = {"zhang",39,"321"};
    struct teacher * p = &t03; 

    struct student stu01 = {"li","13147890","boy","computer","class01","China",23};
    
    //string sentance = stu01.generate_sentance(stu01.name,stu01.classGrade,stu01.address); 未声明指针直接使用会报错

    struct student* stu02 = (struct student *)malloc(sizeof(struct student));  //动态地分配内存空间
    stu02->generate_sentance = generate_sentance; // -> 指针引用其内部变量

    string sentance = stu02->generate_sentance(stu01.name,stu01.classGrade,stu01.address);

    cout << sentance << endl;

    /*
    结构体数组
    **作用：**将自定义的结构体放入到数组中方便维护
    语法：struct 结构体名 数组名[元素个数] = { {} , {} , ... {} }
    */
    struct teacher tnn[] = {
        {"zhang",36,"321"},
        {"wang",56,"76"},
        {"dang",65,"23"}
        };

    
    struct school sch;
    sch.stu = {"li","13147890","boy","computer","class01","China",23};

    cout << sch.stu.age << endl;
    
    system("pause");
    
    return 0;
}