一起学习SSM框架之SpringMVC(一)

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-18 09:16:06 发布

ozl520

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-18 09:16:06 发布

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文章标签： spring mvc java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ozl520/article/details/109153324

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SpringMVC

- 引言
- mvc架构
开发流程
接收请求参数

引言

java开源框架，Spring Framework的一个独立模块
MVC框架，在项目中开辟MVC层次架构
对控制器中的功能 包装 简化 扩展践行工厂模式，功能架构在工厂之上

mvc架构

MVC ：Model 模型 View 视图 Controller 控制器
模型：即业务模型，负责完成业务中的数据通信处理，对应项目中的service和dao
视图：渲染数据，生成页面，对应项目的jsp
控制器：直接对接请求，控制mvc流程，调度模型，选择视图，对应项目中的servlet

开发流程

1.导入依赖

   <packaging>war</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.8.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2.配置核心(前端)控制器

作为一个mvc框架，首先要解决的是:如何能够接收到请求
所以mvc框架大都会设计一款前端控制器，选型在Servlet或Filter两者之一，在框架最前沿先工作，接受所有的请求。
此控制器接受到请求后，还会负责SpringMVC的核心调度管理，所以即是前端也是核

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--SpringMVC前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>ozl_mvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--可选配置，不写就是懒汉式加载，写了就是饿汉式加载-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ozl_mvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

3.后端控制器

HelloController


@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloController{
    @RequestMapping("/test1")
    public String test1(){
        System.out.println("hello1");
        return "hello";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/test2")
    public String test2(){
        System.out.println("hello2");
        return "hello";
    }

}

4.配置文件

mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd ">

    <!--扫描注解-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.ozl"></context:component-scan>

    <!--启动mvc注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>

    <!--视图解析器
        作用:1.捕获后端控制器的返回值="index"
            2.解析 在返回的前后拼接 /xxx.jsp
    -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

5.访问

hello.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    hello
</body>
</html>

在这里插入图片描述

接收请求参数

1.基本类型参数

ParmController


@Controller
@RequestMapping("/param")
public class ParmController {
//    http://localhost:8080/param/test1?id=1&name=olz&gender=true&birth=20120/10/20%2018:58
    @RequestMapping("/test1")
    public String test1(Integer id, String name, Boolean gender, Date birth) {
        System.out.println("test1");
        System.out.println("id:" + id + "name:" + name + "gender:" + gender + "birth:" + birth);
        return "hello";
    }
}

输入http://localhost:8080/param/test1?id=1&name=olz&gender=true&birth=20120/10/20%2018:58
就可以接受到参数

2.实体收参(建议)

实体类User

public class User {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Boolean gender;
    private Date birth;
    private String[] hobby;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", gender=" + gender +
                ", birth=" + birth +
                ", hobby=" + Arrays.toString(hobby) +
                '}';
    }

    public String[] getHobby() {
        return hobby;
    }

    public void setHobby(String[] hobby) {
        this.hobby = hobby;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Boolean getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(Boolean gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }

    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }
}

ParmController

//    http://localhost:8080/param/test2?id=1&name=olz&gender=true&birth=20120/10/20%2018:58
    @RequestMapping("/test2")
    public String test2(User user){
        System.out.println("test2");
        System.out.println(user);
        return "hello";
    }

3.数组收参

param.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/param/test3">
        id:<input type="text" name="id"><br>
        name:<input type="text" name="name"><br>
        gender:<input type="text" name="gender"><br>
        birth:<input type="text" name="birth"><br>
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="football">足球
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="swim">游泳
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="basketball">篮球<br>
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

//    http://localhost:8080/param/test3?hobby=football&hobby=swim&hobby=basketball
    @RequestMapping("/test3")
    public String test3(String[] hobby){
        System.out.println("test3");
        for (String s : hobby) {
            System.out.println(s);
        }
        return "hello";
    }

4.集合收参(了解)

param.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
 

    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/param/test4" method="post">
        id:<input type="text" name="users[0].id"><br>
        name:<input type="text" name="users[0].name"><br>
        gender:<input type="text" name="users[0].gender"><br>

        <hr>
        id:<input type="text" name="users[1].id"><br>
        name:<input type="text" name="users[1].name"><br>
        gender:<input type="text" name="users[1].gender"><br>

        <input type="submit" value="提交">
     </form>
</body>
</html>

ParmController

    @RequestMapping("/test4")
    public String test4(UserList userList){
        System.out.println("test4");
        for (User user : userList.getUsers()) {
            System.out.println(user);
        }
        return "hello";
    }

5.路径参数

//    {id} 命名路径
//    {id} 等价于*
//    @PathVariable将{id}路径匹配到值赋给id参数
    @RequestMapping("/test5/{id}/{name}")
    public String test5(@PathVariable("id") Integer id,@PathVariable("name") String name2){
        System.out.println("test5");
        System.out.println("id:"+id);
        System.out.println("name:"+name2);
        return "hello";
    }

6.中文乱码

为了防止接收参数出现中文数据，导致乱码
页面字符统一
JSP：<%@page pageEncoding=“utf-8”%>
HTML:< meta charset=“UTF-8” >

tomcat字符集设置，对get请求中，中文参数乱码有效
tomcat配置文件：URIEnoding=utf-8

设置filter，对post请求中，中文参数乱码有效

 <!--过滤会进行:request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>