第四章：Hibernate JPA环境搭建

一）JPA简介

JPA是一套标准规范的API，而Hibernate是一个ORM自动持久化框架

 

JPA方法：

1、entityManager.find(Class<T> entityClass, Object primaryKey);

根据主键查找数据；如果主键格式不正确，会抛出illegalArgumentException异常；如果主键在数据库未找到数据返回null；

 

2、entityManager.persist(Object entity);

新增数据；如果entity的主键不为空，而数据库没有该主键，会抛出异常；如果entity的主键不为空，而数据库有该主键，且entity的其他字段与数据库不同，persist后不会更新数据库；

 

3、entityManager.merge(T entity);

将 Detached状态的Entity实例转至Managed状态；

 

4、entityManager.remove(Object entity);

删除数据；只能将Managed状态的Entity实例删除，由此Entity实例状态变为Removed；

 

5、entityManager.clear();

将所有的Entity实例状态转至Detached状态；

 

6、entityManager.flush();

将所有Managed状态的Entity实例同步到数据库；

 

7、entityManager.refresh(Object entity);

加载Entity实例后，数据库该条数据被修改，refresh该实例，能得到数据库最新的修改，覆盖原来的Entity实例；

 

二）创建一个Maven项目

项目结构图如下：

 

在pom.xml文件中引入Hibernate的jar

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.oyj.jpa</groupId>
    <artifactId>oyj_hibernate</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  
    <dependencies>
        <!-- hibernate jar -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.4.10.Final</version>
        </dependency>
	
        <!-- oracle jdbc jar-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
            <artifactId>ojdbc6</artifactId>
            <version>11.1.0.6.0</version>
        </dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>

 

三）创建JPA的配置文件persistence.xml

注意：在创建Maven项目时，在项目src/main/resources/下可能没有META-INF文件夹，需要自己手动创建META-INF文件夹。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence  
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"  
    version="2.0">  
   
    <persistence-unit name="myhibernate_jpa" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
        <properties>
            <!-- 必须配置 -->
            <!-- mysql
            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xm"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="root"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="admin"/>
            -->
              
            <!-- oracle -->
            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:ORCL"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="oysept"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="oysept"/>
              
            <!-- 可选配置 -->
            <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>
            <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true"/>
            <!-- DDL语句生成策略
                update的含义：当程序运行会自动检测实体类和数据库的表结构是否有差异，一旦有会立即更新表结构
                使用场景：
                适合：开发阶段 
                不适合：线上阶段
            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>
            -->
        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

 

四）创建实体类

先在oracle中创建一个类，作为一个测试类，脚本如下：

create table employee (
    userid number primary key,
    username varchar2(100),
    sex number
);

select count(0) from employee;

drop table employee;

delete from employee;
commit;

select * from employee;

 

用注解的方式创建一个Employee实体类

package com.oyj.jpa.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "employee")
public class EmployeeEntity implements Serializable {
	
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
    @Id
    @Column(name="userid")
    private Integer userID;
	
    @Column(name="username")
    private String userName;
	
    @Column(name="sex")
    private Integer sex;

    public Integer getUserID() {return userID;}
    public void setUserID(Integer userID) {this.userID = userID;}

    public String getUserName() {return userName;}
    public void setUserName(String userName) {this.userName = userName;}

    public Integer getSex() {return sex;}
    public void setSex(Integer sex) {this.sex = sex;}

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "EmployeeEntity{userid: " + this.userID + ", userName: "
            + this.userName + ", sex: " + this.sex + " }";
    }
}

 

五）新增Employee数据

package com.oyj.jpa;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

import com.oyj.jpa.entity.EmployeeEntity;

public class SessionAddEmployee {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory = null;
        EntityManager entityManager = null;
        EntityTransaction txn = null;
        try {
            // myhibernate_jpa是配置在persistence.xml中
            entityManagerFactory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("myhibernate_jpa");
            entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
            txn = entityManager.getTransaction();
            txn.begin();
			
            Long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); // 开始时间
            EmployeeEntity entity = null;
            EmployeeEntity en = null;
            for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { // 循环批量插入数据, 一条一条插入
                int userid = (i+1);
                // 实体类
                entity = new EmployeeEntity();
                entity.setUserID(userid);
                entity.setUserName("userName" + userid);
                entity.setSex(1);
				
                // 当表里存在主键约束时, 需要判断数据是否已存在, 否则会报错
                en = entityManager.find(EmployeeEntity.class, userid);
                if (en != null) {
                    entityManager.merge(entity); // 修改
                } else {
                    entityManager.persist(entity); // 新增
                }
            }
            txn.commit();
			
            Long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); // 结束时间
            System.out.println("单条数据插入or修改, 执行总耗时: " + (endTime - beginTime) + "毫秒");
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            if ( txn != null && txn.isActive()) txn.rollback();
                throw e;
        } finally {
            if (entityManager != null) {
                entityManager.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

新增数据效果图：

 

六）查询Employee数据

package com.oyj.jpa;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

import com.oyj.jpa.entity.EmployeeEntity;

public class QueryEmployee {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // myhibernate_jpa是配置在persistence.xml中
        EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("myhibernate_jpa");
        EntityManager em = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
        EntityTransaction tx = em.getTransaction();
        tx.begin();
		
        // 根据ID查询单条数据
        EmployeeEntity c = em.find(EmployeeEntity.class, 1);
        System.out.println("查询Employee结果: \n" + c);
		
        tx.commit();
        em.close();
	}
}

查询效果图打印：

 

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