一对多,一个分类Category下有多个Product,从Cateogry角度去保存数据。
创建数据库脚本如下:(参看附件)
-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.1.55, for Win32 (ia32)
--
-- Host: localhost Database: hibernate_demo
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version 5.1.55-community
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
--
-- Table structure for table `category`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `category`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `category` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`description` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `category`
--
LOCK TABLES `category` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `category` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `category` VALUES (1,'fruit','fruit category');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `category` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
--
-- Table structure for table `product`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `product`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `product` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`price` int(11) NOT NULL,
`description` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`category_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `product_fk` (`category_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `product`
--
LOCK TABLES `product` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `product` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `product` VALUES (1,'orige',20,'orige',1),(2,'apple',10,'apple',1);
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `product` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
-- Dump completed on 2012-08-09 21:40:19
这是一个非常不错的例子,呵呵,至少整个过程大家可以很清楚的明白。。
//Category.java
public class Category implements java.io.Serializable {
// Fields
private Integer id;
private String name;
private String description;
private Set<Product> products = new HashSet<Product>();
//Product.java
public class Product implements java.io.Serializable {
// Fields
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer price;
private String description;
//Category.hbm.xml
<!-- 基于外键的单向一对多关联 --> <!-- 单向一对多在一端进行配置 --> <!-- set的name代表一端的set属性,table指向多端的关联表--> <!-- key的column属性代表外键 --> <!-- cascade="save-update" ,使用保存数据的级联操作--> <set name="products" table="product" cascade="save-update"> <key column="category_id" not-null="true" /> <one-to-many class="com.v512.examples.Product"/> </set>
//HibernateTest.java
//保存数据
public static void addProduct()
{
Product product = new Product();
product.setDescription("apple");
product.setName("apple");
product.setPrice(10);
Product product1 = new Product();
product1.setDescription("orige");
product1.setName("orige");
product1.setPrice(20);
Category category = new Category();
category.setDescription("fruit category");
category.setName("fruit");
Set<Product> products = new HashSet<Product>();
products.add(product);
products.add(product1);
category.setProducts(products);
Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
session.save(category);
//启用级联操作
// session.save(product);
// session.save(product1);
tx.commit();
session.close();
HibernateUtil.shutdown();
}
输入信息如下:
21:15:48,906 DEBUG JDBCTransaction:87 - current autocommit status: false
21:15:48,906 DEBUG IncrementGenerator:104 - fetching initial value: select max(id) from category
21:15:48,906 DEBUG AbstractBatcher:410 - about to open PreparedStatement (open PreparedStatements: 0, globally: 0)
21:15:48,937 DEBUG SQL:111 -
select
max(id)
from
category
Hibernate:
select
max(id)
from
category
21:15:48,953 DEBUG IncrementGenerator:119 - first free id: 1
21:15:48,953 DEBUG AbstractBatcher:418 - about to close PreparedStatement (open PreparedStatements: 1, globally: 1)
21:15:48,953 DEBUG AbstractSaveEventListener:135 - generated identifier: 1, using strategy: org.hibernate.id.IncrementGenerator
21:15:48,968 DEBUG IncrementGenerator:104 - fetching initial value: select max(id) from product
21:15:48,968 DEBUG AbstractBatcher:410 - about to open PreparedStatement (open PreparedStatements: 0, globally: 0)
21:15:48,968 DEBUG SQL:111 -
select
max(id)
from
product
Hibernate:
select
max(id)
from
product
21:15:48,968 DEBUG IncrementGenerator:119 - first free id: 1
21:15:48,968 DEBUG AbstractBatcher:418 - about to close PreparedStatement (open PreparedStatements: 1, globally: 1)
21:15:48,968 DEBUG AbstractSaveEventListener:135 - generated identifier: 1, using strategy: org.hibernate.id.IncrementGenerator
21:15:48,968 DEBUG AbstractSaveEventListener:135 - generated identifier: 2, using strategy: org.hibernate.id.IncrementGenerator
21:15:48,968 DEBUG JDBCTransaction:134 - commit
21:15:48,968 DEBUG AbstractFlushingEventListener:134 - processing flush-time cascades
21:15:48,968 DEBUG AbstractFlushingEventListener:177 - dirty checking collections
21:15:48,968 DEBUG Collections:199 - Collection found: [com.v512.examples.Category.products#1], was: [<unreferenced>] (initialized)
21:15:48,984 DEBUG AbstractFlushingEventListener:108 - Flushed: 3 insertions, 0 updates, 0 deletions to 3 objects
21:15:48,984 DEBUG AbstractFlushingEventListener:114 - Flushed: 1 (re)creations, 0 updates, 0 removals to 1 collections
21:15:48,984 DEBUG Printer:106 - listing entities:
21:15:48,984 DEBUG Printer:113 - com.v512.examples.Product{id=1, price=10, description=apple, name=apple}
21:15:48,984 DEBUG Printer:113 - com.v512.examples.Category{id=1, description=fruit category, name=fruit, products=[com.v512.examples.Product#2, com.v512.examples.Product#1]}
21:15:48,984 DEBUG Printer:113 - com.v512.examples.Product{id=2, price=20, description=orige, name=orige}
21:15:48,984 DEBUG AbstractBatcher:410 - about to open PreparedStatement (open PreparedStatements: 0, globally: 0)
21:15:48,984 DEBUG SQL:111 -
insert
into
hibernate_demo.category
(name, description, id)
values
(?, ?, ?)
Hibernate:
insert
into
hibernate_demo.category
(name, description, id)
values
(?, ?, ?)
21:15:48,984 DEBUG AbstractBatcher:66 - Executing batch size: 1
21:15:48,984 DEBUG AbstractBatcher:418 - about to close PreparedStatement (open PreparedStatements: 1, globally: 1)
21:15:48,984 DEBUG AbstractBatcher:410 - about to open PreparedStatement (open PreparedStatements: 0, globally: 0)
21:15:48,984 DEBUG SQL:111 -
insert
into
hibernate_demo.product
(name, price, description, category_id, id)
values
(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate:
insert
into
hibernate_demo.product
(name, price, description, category_id, id)
values
(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
21:15:48,984 DEBUG AbstractBatcher:248 - reusing prepared statement
21:15:48,984 DEBUG SQL:111 -
insert
into
hibernate_demo.product
(name, price, description, category_id, id)
values
(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate:
insert
into
hibernate_demo.product
(name, price, description, category_id, id)
values
(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
21:15:48,984 DEBUG AbstractBatcher:66 - Executing batch size: 2
21:15:48,984 DEBUG AbstractBatcher:418 - about to close PreparedStatement (open PreparedStatements: 1, globally: 1)
21:15:48,984 DEBUG AbstractCollectionPersister:1112 - Inserting collection: [com.v512.examples.Category.products#1]
21:15:48,984 DEBUG AbstractBatcher:410 - about to open PreparedStatement (open PreparedStatements: 0, globally: 0)
21:15:48,984 DEBUG SQL:111 -
update
hibernate_demo.product
set
category_id=?
where
id=?
Hibernate:
update
hibernate_demo.product
set
category_id=?
where
id=?
21:15:48,984 DEBUG AbstractBatcher:248 - reusing prepared statement
21:15:48,984 DEBUG SQL:111 -
update
hibernate_demo.product
set
category_id=?
where
id=?
Hibernate:
update
hibernate_demo.product
set
category_id=?
where
id=?
21:15:48,984 DEBUG AbstractCollectionPersister:1194 - done inserting collection: 2 rows inserted
21:15:48,984 DEBUG AbstractBatcher:66 - Executing batch size: 2
21:15:48,984 DEBUG AbstractBatcher:418 - about to close PreparedStatement (open PreparedStatements: 1, globally: 1)
21:15:48,984 DEBUG JDBCTransaction:147 - committed JDBC Connection
21:15:48,984 DEBUG ConnectionManager:427 - aggressively releasing JDBC connection
21:15:48,984 DEBUG ConnectionManager:464 - releasing JDBC connection [ (open PreparedStatements: 0, globally: 0) (open ResultSets: 0, globally: 0)]
21:15:49,000 INFO SessionFactoryImpl:853 - closing
21:15:49,000 INFO DriverManagerConnectionProvider:170 - cleaning up connection pool: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate_demo
如果我们不使用级联操作,即cascade=“save-update”,则需要先保存category,然后再保存product。
那么保存数据就是这样
session.save(category);
//启用级联操作
session.save(product);
session.save(product1);
tx.commit();
而启用级联,则只需要保存category就行。
cascade取值如下:
all : 所有情况下均进行关联操作。
none:所有情况下均不进行关联操作。(默认值)
save-update:在执行save/update/saveOrUpdate时进行关联操作。
delete:在执行delete时进行关联操作。
请注意看一下sql,以Hibernate:开头的才是hibernate执行的sql,其他的代表发送给hibernate执行的sql语句。刚开始看错了,还以为hibernate执行了多条sql。
这种方法Hibernate reference称之为
基于外键关联的单向一对多关联是一种很少见的情况,并不推荐使用。
推荐使用:
基于连接表的单向一对多关联 应该优先被采用。请注意,通过指定unique="true",我们可以把多样性从多对多改变为一对多。