LwIP协议栈移植说明

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-10 12:17:09 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-10 12:17:09 发布

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分类专栏： STM32 文章标签： LwIP移植以太网

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ZCShouCSDN/article/details/79229728

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LWIP 的手动移植可以说非常麻烦，需要我们自己实现好多文件。最主要的是，需要实现的文件还没有个统一的说明，必须要东拼西凑！ LWIP 的移植由两部分组成，分别为 LWIP 协议栈和 contrib 应用实例。目前，这两部分是由两个独立的版本库控制，并且由不同的人来负责的（好消息是从2.1.x之后，这俩要合并了）！我们在移植使用 LWIP 时，需要从官网分别下载这两部分的源代码！
其中，contrib 中是一些和平台移植相关的代码以及一些使用 LWIP 实现的应用，在移植时非常有用；LWIP 则是 TCP/IP 协议栈的核心源码！综上所述，LwIP 的移植主要分为以下这些部分：

运行环境的搭建： 有其需要注意的是，针对嵌入式的移植时，无论哪种模式，都需要首先需要处理硬件资源，例如在 STM32Fx 系列芯片移植时，需要提供文件：stm32f4x7_eth_bsp.c/h，已处理使用的硬件资源。
源代码文件的整理： 主要就是东拼西凑LWIP需要的文件（LWIP需要用户实现很多文件）
LwIP 的基本配置： 根据自己的需要来配置功能
与 CPU 或编译器相关源文件： LWIP 需要用户的文件之一
与操作系统的接口源文件（仅在系统模式下使用）： LWIP 需要用户的文件之一
与底层网卡驱动的接口源文件： LWIP 需要用户的文件之一
初始化 LwIP：然后正常使用各功能即可。

第一步：LwIP的基本配置

LwIP 的配置主要通过文件 lwipopts.h 实现，移植时需要根据自己的需要，进行相关的配置，然后在自己的项目中添加该文件。一个在 STM32F4 芯片移植是的配置文件如下：

/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    lwipopts.h
  * @author  MCD Application Team
  * @version V1.1.0
  * @date    31-July-2013
  * @brief   lwIP Options Configuration.
  *          This file is based on Utilities\lwip_v1.4.1\src\include\lwip\opt.h 
  *          and contains the lwIP configuration for the STM32F4x7 demonstration.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; COPYRIGHT 2013 STMicroelectronics</center></h2>
  *
  * Licensed under MCD-ST Liberty SW License Agreement V2, (the "License");
  * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *
  *        http://www.st.com/software_license_agreement_liberty_v2
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */

#ifndef __LWIPOPTS_H__
#define __LWIPOPTS_H__

/**
 * SYS_LIGHTWEIGHT_PROT==1: if you want inter-task protection for certain
 * critical regions during buffer allocation, deallocation and memory
 * allocation and deallocation.
 */
#define SYS_LIGHTWEIGHT_PROT    0

#define ETHARP_TRUST_IP_MAC     0
#define IP_REASSEMBLY           0
#define IP_FRAG                 0
#define ARP_QUEUEING            0

/**
 * NO_SYS==1: Provides VERY minimal functionality. Otherwise,
 * use lwIP facilities.
 */
#define NO_SYS                  0

/* ---------- Memory options ---------- */
/* MEM_ALIGNMENT: should be set to the alignment of the CPU for which
   lwIP is compiled. 4 byte alignment -> define MEM_ALIGNMENT to 4, 2
   byte alignment -> define MEM_ALIGNMENT to 2. */
#define MEM_ALIGNMENT           4

/* MEM_SIZE: the size of the heap memory. If the application will send
a lot of data that needs to be copied, this should be set high. */
#define MEM_SIZE                (5*1024)

/* MEMP_NUM_PBUF: the number of memp struct pbufs. If the application
   sends a lot of data out of ROM (or other static memory), this
   should be set high. */
#define MEMP_NUM_PBUF           100
/* MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB: the number of UDP protocol control blocks. One
   per active UDP "connection". */
#define MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB        6
/* MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB: the number of simulatenously active TCP
   connections. */
#define MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB        10
/* MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN: the number of listening TCP
   connections. */
#define MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN 5
/* MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG: the number of simultaneously queued TCP
   segments. */
#define MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG        20
/* MEMP_NUM_SYS_TIMEOUT: the number of simulateously active
   timeouts. */
#define MEMP_NUM_SYS_TIMEOUT    10

/* ---------- Pbuf options ---------- */
/* PBUF_POOL_SIZE: the number of buffers in the pbuf pool. */
#define PBUF_POOL_SIZE          20

/* PBUF_POOL_BUFSIZE: the size of each pbuf in the pbuf pool. */
#define PBUF_POOL_BUFSIZE       500

/* ---------- TCP options ---------- */
#define LWIP_TCP                1
#define TCP_TTL                 255

/* Controls if TCP should queue segments that arrive out of
   order. Define to 0 if your device is low on memory. */
#define TCP_QUEUE_OOSEQ         0

/* TCP Maximum segment size. */
#define TCP_MSS                 (1500 - 40)	  /* TCP_MSS = (Ethernet MTU - IP header size - TCP header size) */

/* TCP sender buffer space (bytes). */
#define TCP_SND_BUF             (5*TCP_MSS)

/*  TCP_SND_QUEUELEN: TCP sender buffer space (pbufs). This must be at least
  as much as (2 * TCP_SND_BUF/TCP_MSS) for things to work. */

#define TCP_SND_QUEUELEN        (4* TCP_SND_BUF/TCP_MSS)

/* TCP receive window. */
#define TCP_WND                 (2*TCP_MSS)

/* ---------- ICMP options ---------- */
#define LWIP_ICMP               1

/* ---------- DHCP options ---------- */
/* Define LWIP_DHCP to 1 if you want DHCP configuration of
   interfaces. DHCP is not implemented in lwIP 0.5.1, however, so
   turning this on does currently not work. */
#define LWIP_DHCP               1

/* ---------- UDP options ---------- */
#define LWIP_UDP                1
#define UDP_TTL                 255

/* ---------- Statistics options ---------- */
#define LWIP_STATS 0
#define LWIP_PROVIDE_ERRNO      1

/* ---------- link callback options ---------- */
/* LWIP_NETIF_LINK_CALLBACK==1: Support a callback function from an interface
 * whenever the link changes (i.e., link down)
 */
#define LWIP_NETIF_LINK_CALLBACK          1

/*
   --------------------------------------
   ---------- Checksum options ----------
   --------------------------------------
*/

/* 
The STM32F4x7 allows computing and verifying the IP, UDP, TCP and ICMP checksums by hardware:
 - To use this feature let the following define uncommented.
 - To disable it and process by CPU comment the  the checksum.
*/
/* 
注意：校验和可以选择 由硬件来处理。如果硬件支持该功能，则加载其配置文件（其中需要定义 CHECKSUM_BY_HARDWARE ）
*/
#include "stm32f4x7_eth_conf.h"		

#ifdef CHECKSUM_BY_HARDWARE		/* 如果芯片的配置中开启了硬件处理校验和，则对LwIP进行配置 */
  /* CHECKSUM_GEN_IP==0: Generate checksums by hardware for outgoing IP packets.*/
  #define CHECKSUM_GEN_IP                 0
  /* CHECKSUM_GEN_UDP==0: Generate checksums by hardware for outgoing UDP packets.*/
  #define CHECKSUM_GEN_UDP                0
  /* CHECKSUM_GEN_TCP==0: Generate checksums by hardware for outgoing TCP packets.*/
  #define CHECKSUM_GEN_TCP                0 
  /* CHECKSUM_CHECK_IP==0: Check checksums by hardware for incoming IP packets.*/
  #define CHECKSUM_CHECK_IP               0
  /* CHECKSUM_CHECK_UDP==0: Check checksums by hardware for incoming UDP packets.*/
  #define CHECKSUM_CHECK_UDP              0
  /* CHECKSUM_CHECK_TCP==0: Check checksums by hardware for incoming TCP packets.*/
  #define CHECKSUM_CHECK_TCP              0
  /* CHECKSUM_CHECK_ICMP==0: Check checksums by hardware for incoming ICMP packets.*/
  #define CHECKSUM_GEN_ICMP               0
#else
  /* CHECKSUM_GEN_IP==1: Generate checksums in software for outgoing IP packets.*/
  #define CHECKSUM_GEN_IP                 1
  /* CHECKSUM_GEN_UDP==1: Generate checksums in software for outgoing UDP packets.*/
  #define CHECKSUM_GEN_UDP                1
  /* CHECKSUM_GEN_TCP==1: Generate checksums in software for outgoing TCP packets.*/
  #define CHECKSUM_GEN_TCP                1
  /* CHECKSUM_CHECK_IP==1: Check checksums in software for incoming IP packets.*/
  #define CHECKSUM_CHECK_IP               1
  /* CHECKSUM_CHECK_UDP==1: Check checksums in software for incoming UDP packets.*/
  #define CHECKSUM_CHECK_UDP              1
  /* CHECKSUM_CHECK_TCP==1: Check checksums in software for incoming TCP packets.*/
  #define CHECKSUM_CHECK_TCP              1
  /* CHECKSUM_CHECK_ICMP==1: Check checksums by hardware for incoming ICMP packets.*/
  #define CHECKSUM_GEN_ICMP               1
#endif

/*
   ----------------------------------------------
   ---------- Sequential layer options ----------
   ----------------------------------------------
*/
/**
 * LWIP_NETCONN==1: Enable Netconn API (require to use api_lib.c)
 */
#define LWIP_NETCONN                    1

/*
   ------------------------------------
   ---------- Socket options ----------
   ------------------------------------
*/
/**
 * LWIP_SOCKET==1: Enable Socket API (require to use sockets.c)
 */
#define LWIP_SOCKET                     0

/*
   -----------------------------------
   ---------- DEBUG options ----------
   -----------------------------------
*/
#define LWIP_DEBUG                      0

/*
   ---------------------------------
   ---------- OS options ----------
   ---------------------------------
*/

#define TCPIP_THREAD_NAME              "TCP/IP"
#define TCPIP_THREAD_STACKSIZE          1000
#define TCPIP_MBOX_SIZE                 5
#define DEFAULT_UDP_RECVMBOX_SIZE       2000
#define DEFAULT_TCP_RECVMBOX_SIZE       2000
#define DEFAULT_ACCEPTMBOX_SIZE         2000
#define DEFAULT_THREAD_STACKSIZE        500
#define TCPIP_THREAD_PRIO               (configMAX_PRIORITIES - 2) 

#define LWIP_COMPAT_MUTEX				1

#define LWIP_COMPAT_MUTEX_ALLOWED		1

#endif /* __LWIPOPTS_H__ */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

第五步：初始化LwIP

在处理完以上需要移植的个文件后，接下来就可以在自己的项目中建立初始化函数来对LwIP进行初始化了，以下为使用系统时的一个初始化例子。

void LwIP_Init(void)
{
	ip_addr_t ipaddr;
	ip_addr_t netmask;
	ip_addr_t gw;
#ifdef USE_DHCP
	uint8_t iptab[4] = {0};
	uint8_t iptxt[20];
#endif
	/* 创建tcp_ip线程，初始化LwIP的各部分 */
	tcpip_init(NULL, NULL);

	/* 设置IP地址等信息 */
#ifdef USE_DHCP
	ipaddr.addr = 0;
	netmask.addr = 0;
	gw.addr = 0;
#else
	IP4_ADDR(&ipaddr, IP_ADDR0, IP_ADDR1, IP_ADDR2, IP_ADDR3);
	IP4_ADDR(&netmask, NETMASK_ADDR0, NETMASK_ADDR1, NETMASK_ADDR2, NETMASK_ADDR3);
	IP4_ADDR(&gw, GW_ADDR0, GW_ADDR1, GW_ADDR2, GW_ADDR3);
#endif
	/* 以下就是添加网络接口了 */
	/* - netif_add(struct netif *netif, struct ip_addr *ipaddr,
	struct ip_addr *netmask, struct ip_addr *gw,
	void *state, err_t (* init)(struct netif *netif),
	err_t (* input)(struct pbuf *p, struct netif *netif))

	Adds your network interface to the netif_list. Allocate a struct
	netif and pass a pointer to this structure as the first argument.
	Give pointers to cleared ip_addr structures when using DHCP,
	or fill them with sane numbers otherwise. The state pointer may be NULL.

	The init function pointer must point to a initialization function for
	your ethernet netif interface. The following code illustrates it's use.*/
	netif_add(&xnetif, &ipaddr, &netmask, &gw, NULL, &ethernetif_init, &tcpip_input);

	/*  Registers the default network interface.*/
	netif_set_default(&xnetif);

	if (EthStatus == (ETH_INIT_FLAG | ETH_LINK_FLAG))
	{
		/* Set Ethernet link flag */
		xnetif.flags |= NETIF_FLAG_LINK_UP;

		/* When the netif is fully configured this function must be called.*/
		netif_set_up(&xnetif);
	#ifdef USE_DHCP
		DHCP_state = DHCP_START;
	#endif /* USE_DHCP */
	}
	else
	{
		/*  When the netif link is down this function must be called.*/
		netif_set_down(&xnetif);
	#ifdef USE_DHCP
		DHCP_state = DHCP_LINK_DOWN;
	#endif /* USE_DHCP */
	}
	/* Set the link callback function, this function is called on change of link status*/
	netif_set_link_callback(&xnetif, ETH_link_callback);
}

首先看以下tcpip_init函数，该函数负责建立tcp_ip线程，并且初始化LwIP的各部分功能，具体看以下图片。

Init