RabbitMQ 是采用 Erlang 语言实现 AMQP(Advanced Message Queuing Protocol,高级消息队列协议)的消息中间件,它最初起源于金融系统,用于在分布式系统中存储转发消息。RabbitMQ 凭借其高可靠、易扩展、高可用及丰富的功能特性收到越来越多企业的青睐。下面介绍 Java 中如何使用 RabbitMQ 发送和接收消息。
使用Maven添加依赖文件
在pom.xml配置信息文件中,添加 RabbitMQ 客户端依赖:
<!-- RabbitMQ客户端 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>5.10.0</version>
</dependency>
1、发送者客户端代码
首先发送者发送一条消息至 RabbitMQ 中,之后由接收者消费。下面是发送者客户端代码:
package com.pjb.demo;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
/**
* 发送者客户端
* @author pan_junbiao
**/
public class RabbitProducer
{
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_demo";
private static final String ROUTING_KEY = "routingkey_demo";
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_demo";
private static final String IP_ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";
private static final int PORT = 5672; //RabbitMQ 服务端默认端口号为 5672
private static final String USER_NAME = "guest";
private static final String PASSWORD = "guest";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException
{
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost(IP_ADDRESS);
factory.setPort(PORT);
factory.setUsername(USER_NAME);
factory.setPassword(PASSWORD);
Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); //创建连接
Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //创建信道
//创建一个 type = DIRECT、持久化的、非自动删除的交换器
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT, true, false, null);
//创建一个持久化、非排他的、非自动删除的队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,true,false,false,null);
//将交换器与队列通过路由键绑定
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,ROUTING_KEY);
//发送一条持久化的信息
String message = "您好,欢迎访问 pan_junbiao的博客";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,ROUTING_KEY, MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,message.getBytes());
//关闭资源
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
2、接收者客户端代码
这里采用继承 DefaultConsumer 的方式来实现接收者。下面是接收者客户端代码:
package com.pjb.demo;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
/**
* 接收者客户端
* @author pan_junbiao
**/
public class RabbitConsumer
{
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_demo";
private static final String IP_ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";
private static final int PORT = 5672; //RabbitMQ 服务端默认端口号为 5672
private static final String USER_NAME = "guest";
private static final String PASSWORD = "guest";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException,InterruptedException
{
Address[] addresses = new Address[]{new Address(IP_ADDRESS, PORT)};
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setUsername(USER_NAME);
factory.setPassword(PASSWORD);
Connection connection = factory.newConnection(addresses); //创建连接
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //创建信道
channel.basicQos(64); //设置客户端最多接收未被ack的消息的个数
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel)
{
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException
{
System.out.println("接收信息:" + new String(body));
try
{
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
}
catch (InterruptedException ie)
{
ie.printStackTrace();
}
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, consumer);
//等待回调函数执行完毕之后,关闭资源
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
执行结果: