POST发送form-data格式请求多文件传递，接收实现，中文乱码以及文件名乱码解决

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-29 21:56:49 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-29 21:56:49 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/pang1239571827/article/details/135529246

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POST发送form-data格式请求：对接第三方系统时的文件传输实战

发送方（Java实现）
接收方（Spring MVC控制器接收）

在进行第三方系统对接的过程中，有时我们需要通过POST请求传递文件，这时就需要用到form-data格式。本文将详细介绍如何构建并发送这种类型的请求，同时展示如何处理多文件集合的传递场景。

发送方（Java实现）

连接配置代码

首先，使用HttpClient构建一个可关闭的HTTP客户端，并设置连接超时、请求超时和Socket超时。同时，初始化MultipartEntityBuilder对象以防止文件名在传输过程中出现乱码问题：

        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                // 默认连接超时
                .setConnectTimeout(6 * 10000)
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(6 * 10000)
                // 请求超时
                .setSocketTimeout(6 * 10000)
                .build();
        MultipartEntityBuilder multipartEntityBuilder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
        multipartEntityBuilder.setCharset(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        //设置模式，防止传输附件到第三方系统文件名乱码
        multipartEntityBuilder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.RFC6532);
        CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null;
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);

文件传递代码

为了上传文件，我们使用addBinaryBody方法，并指定ContentType，确保文件名不乱码：

multipartEntityBuilder.addBinaryBody("file", new FileInputStream(file),ContentType.DEFAULT_BINARY,file.getName());

参数传递代码

所有参数推荐使用StringBody进行封装，并明确指定字符集类型，以防止中文乱码：

 	Iterator<String> iterator = params.keySet().iterator();
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                String key = iterator.next();
                Object value = params.get(key);
                StringBody stringBody = new StringBody(objIsEmpty(value), ContentType.create(HTTP.PLAIN_TEXT_TYPE, HTTP.UTF_8));
                multipartEntityBuilder.addPart(key, stringBody);
            }

请求执行与响应处理代码

创建完整的HttpEntity实体，将其添加至HttpPost请求中，执行请求并获取响应内容：

    HttpEntity httpEntity = multipartEntityBuilder.build();
        httpPost.setEntity(httpEntity);
        httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
        HttpEntity responseEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(responseEntity.getContent()));
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
        String str;
        while (!StringUtils.isEmpty(str = reader.readLine())) {
            buffer.append(str);
        }
        httpClient.close();
        if (httpResponse != null) {
            httpResponse.close();
        }

完整工具类示例

这里提供了一个自定义的HttpUtil工具类，包含单文件和多文件上传的方法：

import cn.hutool.core.collection.CollectionUtil;
import com.alibaba.druid.util.StringUtils;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.apache.commons.collections.MapUtils;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.HttpMultipartMode;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class HttpUtil {

    private final static ContentType CONTENT_TYPE = ContentType.create(HTTP.PLAIN_TEXT_TYPE, HTTP.UTF_8);

    private HttpUtil() {

    }

    public static String postFormData(String url, Map<String, Object> params, File file) throws IOException {
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                // 默认连接超时
                .setConnectTimeout(6 * 10000)
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(6 * 10000)
                // 请求超时
                .setSocketTimeout(6 * 10000)
                .build();
        MultipartEntityBuilder multipartEntityBuilder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
        multipartEntityBuilder.setCharset(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        //设置模式，防止传输附件到第三方系统文件名乱码
        multipartEntityBuilder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.RFC6532);
        CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null;
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
        if (file == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("文件不能为空");
        }
        multipartEntityBuilder.addBinaryBody("file", new FileInputStream(file),ContentType.DEFAULT_BINARY,file.getName());
        if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(params)) {
            Iterator<String> iterator = params.keySet().iterator();
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                String key = iterator.next();
                Object value = params.get(key);
                StringBody stringBody = new StringBody(objIsEmpty(value), CONTENT_TYPE);
                multipartEntityBuilder.addPart(key, stringBody);
            }
        }
        HttpEntity httpEntity = multipartEntityBuilder.build();
        httpPost.setEntity(httpEntity);
        httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
        HttpEntity responseEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(responseEntity.getContent()));
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
        String str;
        while (!StringUtils.isEmpty(str = reader.readLine())) {
            buffer.append(str);
        }
        httpClient.close();
        if (httpResponse != null) {
            httpResponse.close();
        }
        return buffer.toString();
    }

    public static String postFormData(String url, Map<String, Object> params, List<File> files) throws IOException {
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                // 默认连接超时
                .setConnectTimeout(6 * 10000)
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(6 * 10000)
                // 请求超时
                .setSocketTimeout(6 * 10000)
                .build();
        MultipartEntityBuilder multipartEntityBuilder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
        multipartEntityBuilder.setCharset(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        //设置模式，防止传输附件到第三方系统文件名乱码
        multipartEntityBuilder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.RFC6532);
        CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null;
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
        if (CollectionUtil.isEmpty(files)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("文件不能为空");
        }
        for (File file : files) {
            multipartEntityBuilder.addBinaryBody("files", new FileInputStream(file),ContentType.DEFAULT_BINARY,file.getName());
        }
        if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(params)) {
            Iterator<String> iterator = params.keySet().iterator();
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                String key = iterator.next();
                Object value = params.get(key);
                StringBody stringBody = new StringBody(objIsEmpty(value), CONTENT_TYPE);
                multipartEntityBuilder.addPart(key, stringBody );
            }
        }
        HttpEntity httpEntity = multipartEntityBuilder.build();
        httpPost.setEntity(httpEntity);
        httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
        HttpEntity responseEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(responseEntity.getContent()));
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
        String str;
        while (!StringUtils.isEmpty(str = reader.readLine())) {
            buffer.append(str);
        }
        httpClient.close();
        if (httpResponse != null) {
            httpResponse.close();
        }
        return buffer.toString();
    }
}

接收方（Spring MVC控制器接收）

单文件接收代码

在Spring MVC控制器中，可以通过MultipartFile参数来接收单个文件：

   @PostMapping("***")
    public ResultDTO insertTacticFlow(TacticFlowVo tacticFlowVo, MultipartFile file) {
        return ResultDTO.successData(service.insertTacticFlow(tacticFlowVo, file));
    }

多文件接收代码

对于多个文件的接收，可以通过List类型的参数进行接收：

    @PostMapping("***")
    public ResultDTO acceptOperationFlowEnd(HttpServletRequest request, List<MultipartFile> files) {
        // 获取请求中的Map数据
        Map<String, String[]> paramMap = request.getParameterMap();
        service.acceptOperationFlowEnd(paramMap,files);
        return ResultDTO.success();
    }