通过Class.forName(“com.mysql.jdbc.Driver”)加载:现在不推荐使用
例如:
package com.thb;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.Driver;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
public class JDBCDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
。。。省略
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
Enumeration<Driver> drivers = DriverManager.getDrivers();
if (drivers.hasMoreElements()) {
System.out.println("加载的驱动器的类型: "+ drivers.nextElement().getClass().getName());
}
。。。省略
}
运行输出片段:
Loading class `com.mysql.jdbc.Driver'. This is deprecated. The new driver class is `com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver'. The driver is automatically registered via the SPI and manual loading of the driver class is generally unnecessary.
加载的驱动器的类型:com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
通过Class.forName(“com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver”)加载:可以使用,但其实不需要显式加载
例如,下面代码中使用Class.forName(“com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver”)加载,注意,加载类的名称是com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver,而不是com.mysql.jdbc.Driver:
package com.thb;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.Driver;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
public class JDBCDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
。。。省略
Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
Enumeration<Driver> drivers = DriverManager.getDrivers();
if (drivers.hasMoreElements()) {
System.out.println("加载的驱动器的类型: "+ drivers.nextElement().getClass().getName());
}
。。。省略
}
运行输出片段:
加载的驱动器的类型: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
不显式加载
MySQL Connector/J 驱动器的类com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver是通过SPI 机制自动注册的,不需要显式加载。
例如,下面完整的示例代码,没有使用Class.forName来显式加载驱动器:
package com.thb;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.Driver;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
public class JDBCDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/development";
String user = "test";
String pass = "test000N*";
Connection con = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
String sql = "SELECT * FROM test_table";
Enumeration<Driver> drivers = DriverManager.getDrivers();
if (drivers.hasMoreElements()) {
System.out.println("加载的驱动器的类型: "+ drivers.nextElement().getClass().getName());
}
try {
con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pass);
stmt = con.prepareStatement(sql);
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery();
while (rs.next()) {
System.out.println(rs.getInt("id"));
System.out.println(rs.getString("type"));
System.out.println(rs.getDate("pdate"));
System.out.println(rs.getBigDecimal("price"));
System.out.println(rs.getString("description"));
}
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (stmt != null) {
stmt.close();
}
if (con != null) {
con.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
运行输出:
加载的驱动器的类型: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
1
1
2023-12-04
100.000000
测试数据
备注:com.mysql.jdbc.Driver是为了后向兼容而存在
看看MySQL Connector/J 中的 com.mysql.jdbc.Driver类的实现代码。它其实就为了后向兼容的目的,没有做什么实质工作,就是在构造函数中调用了com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver的构造函数:
package com.mysql.jdbc;
import java.sql.SQLException;
/**
* Backwards compatibility to support apps that call <code>Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");</code>.
*/
public class Driver extends com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver {
public Driver() throws SQLException {
super();
}
static {
System.err.println("Loading class `com.mysql.jdbc.Driver'. This is deprecated. The new driver class is `com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver'. "
+ "The driver is automatically registered via the SPI and manual loading of the driver class is generally unnecessary.");
}
}