https://api.jquery.com/each/#each-function
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<script src="js/jquery-3.7.1.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<ul id="city">
<li>北京</li>
<li>上海</li>
<li>广州</li>
<li>深圳</li>
</ul>
<script>
const $lis = $('li')
$lis.each(function (index, element) {
console.log(index)
console.log(element.innerHTML)
})
</script>
</body>
</html>