matplotlib：画基础折线图、设置图片大小和分辨率、保存图片、设置x轴和y轴的刻度

画基础折线图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 画基本图
x = range(1, 25)
y = [16, 15, 15, 14, 13, 14, 16, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 25, 24, 22, 21, 17, 15, 14, 13]
plt.plot(x, y)

设置图片大小、图片的分辨率

# 设置图像的大小和分辨率，其中figsize设置了图片的(宽度, 高度)，以英寸为单位
# dpi设置分辨率，即每英寸的点数
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 3), dpi=90)

x = range(1, 25)
y = [16, 15, 15, 14, 13, 14, 16, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 25, 24, 22, 21, 17, 15, 14, 13]
plt.plot(x, y)

保存图片

x = range(1, 25)
y = [16, 15, 15, 14, 13, 14, 16, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 25, 24, 22, 21, 17, 15, 14, 13]
plt.plot(x, y)
# 保存图片
plt.savefig('temperature.png')

运行，保存了图片:

打开图片：

设置x轴的刻度

x = range(1, 25)
y = [16, 15, 15, 14, 13, 14, 16, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 25, 24, 22, 21, 17, 15, 14, 13]
# 设置x轴的刻度
plt.xticks(x)
plt.plot(x, y)

置x轴的刻度更稀疏一些:

x = range(1, 25)
y = [16, 15, 15, 14, 13, 14, 16, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 25, 24, 22, 21, 17, 15, 14, 13]
# 设置x轴的刻度
x_ticks = x[::3]
plt.xticks(x_ticks)
plt.plot(x, y)

x轴的刻度传什么，就显示什么：

x = range(1, 25)
y = [16, 15, 15, 14, 13, 14, 16, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 25, 24, 22, 21, 17, 15, 14, 13]
# 设置x轴的刻度
x_ticks = range(25, 30)
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.xticks(x_ticks)
plt.show()

设置y轴的刻度

x = range(1, 25)
y = [16, 15, 15, 14, 13, 14, 16, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 25, 24, 22, 21, 17, 15, 14, 13]
plt.plot(x, y)
# 设置y轴的刻度
y_ticks = range(min(y), max(y) + 1)
plt.yticks(y_ticks)
plt.show()