Chapter 1 Introduction to Genetics Chapter 1 测验
1、 The first complete DNA sequence of a non-viral, free-living organism was obtained for:
解析： a bacterium in 1995.
2、 Genetic information can be carried in which of the following biomolecules?
解析： Either DNA or RNA
3、 Which of the following species is considered a genetic model organism?
解析： the worm, Caenorhabditis elegans
4、 Which of the following would serve least well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms of inheritance?
解析： humans
5、 Which of the following scientists contributed significantly to the foundations of transmission genetics?
解析： Thomas Hunt Morgan
6、 The contribution Charles Darwin made to genetics was to:
解析： propose that evolution occurs by natural selection.
7、 The contribution of Gilbert and Sanger to modern genetics was to:
解析： develop a method for sequencing DNA.
8、 Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between approximately 10,000 and 12,000 years ago.
解析： 正确
9、 The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
解析： 错误
10、 Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, exhibit blending inheritance, in which genetic information is mixed and is not separated in future generations.
解析： 错误
11、 Bacteria and viruses can be used to study genes and inheritance, even though they are structurally and metabolically different from animal and plant cells.
解析： 正确
12、 Some viruses have RNA as their genetic information.
解析： 正确
13、 Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin of Species.
解析： 正确
14、 Some phenotypes or traits, such as hair color, are determined by the information provided by more than a single gene.
解析： 正确
15、 Evolution cannot occur without genetic changes in populations.
解析： 正确
Chapter 2 Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction Chapter 2 测验
1、 A dividing eukaryotic cell is treated with a drug that inhibits the molecular motors associated with kinetochores. At which cell cycle stage would it stop?
解析： M (anaphase)
2、 In eukaryotes, chromosomes do not contain:
解析： ribosomes.
3、 In order to be functional, a eukaryotic chromosome requires all of the following except:
解析： a nucleoid.
4、 What process is unique to plants?
解析： double fertilization
5、 Suppose that a diploid cell contains 8 chromosomes (2n = 8). How many different combinations in the gametes are possible?
解析： 16
6、 Which of the following statements is FALSE?
解析： Errors in chromosome separation are rarely a problem for an organism.
7、 Which of the following are NOT prokaryotes?
解析： viruses
8、 Which of the following statements is FALSE?
解析： Generally, chromosomes of eukaryotes are circular.
9、 The attachment point on the chromosome for spindle microtubules is the:
解析： centromere
10、 The process of splitting the cytoplasm, which separates one cell into two, is termed:
解析： cytokinesis
11、 Diploid cells are cells with ______ chromosomes.
解析： two sets of
12、 If a healthy cell passes the G1/S checkpoint:
解析： DNA will be replicated.
13、 Errors in chromosome separation are rarely a problem for an organism.
解析： 错误
14、 The prokaryotes include both the eubacteria and the archaea.
解析： 正确
15、 Archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes than they are to eubacteria.
解析： 正确
16、 Generally, chromosomes of eukaryotes are circular.
解析： 错误
17、 Cells with a single set of chromosomes are called diploid.
解析： 错误
Chapter 3 Basic Principles of Heredity Chapter 3 测验
1、 Genes come in different versions called:
解析： alleles
2、 In Mendel’s peas, purple flower color is dominant to white. From which of the following descriptions can you not infer the genotype for the locus completely?
解析： purple
3、 Which of the following was not one of Mendel’s conclusions based on his monohybrid crosses?
解析： Genes are carried on chromosomes.
4、 In Mendel’s peas, yellow seeds are dominant to green. A pure-breeding yellow plant is crossed with a pure-breeding green plant. All of the offspring are yellow. If one of these yellow offspring is crossed with a green plant, what will be the expected proportion of plants with green seeds in the next generation?
解析： 50%
5、 In a cross between pure-breeding tall plants with pure-breeding short plants, all of the F1 are tall. When these plants are allowed to fertilize themselves, the F2 plants occur in a ratio of 3 tall:1 short. Which of the following is not a valid conclusion from these results?
解析： The tall and short traits assort independently of each other in this cross.
6、 In poodles, black is dominant to white. A black poodle is crossed with a white poodle. In a litter of four, all of the puppies are black. What is the best conclusion?
解析： The black poodle is probably homozygous
7、 Which of the following statements is TRUE?
解析： A testcross can be used to determine whether an individual is homozygous or heterozygous for a dominant allele.
8、 Alleles, genes, and loci are different names for the same thing.
解析： 错误
9、 The probability of two or more independent events occurring together is calculated by multiplying their independent probabilities.
解析： 正确
10、 The phenotype of a dominant allele is never seen in the F1 progeny of a monohybrid cross.
解析： 错误
11、 A Mendelian dihybrid cross involves one gene and two different alleles.
解析： 错误
12、 The principle of independent assortment can be demonstrated using a monohybrid cross.
解析： 错误
13、 Branched diagrams are used for determining probabilities of various genotypes for genetic crosses involving more than one gene pair.
解析： 正确
14、 Mendel’s experiments involved both discrete and continuous genetic traits.
解析： 错误
15、 The genotype is the physical appearance of a trait.
解析： 错误
16、 A testcross can be used to determine whether an individual is homozygous or heterozygous.
解析： 正确
17、 The probability of a woman giving birth to three girls in a row is 1/8.
解析： 正确
18、 The chi-square test is used to determine if observed outcomes are consistent with expected outcomes.
解析： 正确
Chapter 4 Sex Determination and Sex-linked Characteristics Chapter 4 测验
1、 What is the role of the SRY gene in humans?
解析： It is located on the Y chromosome and initiates the developmental pathway toward the male phenotype.
2、 Which of the following chromosome constitutions would never lead to a viable human baby being born?
解析： YY
3、 In which of the following organisms is gender/sex determined by the temperature during embryonic development?
解析： many turtles and alligators
4、 In species of birds, males are the homogametic sex and females the heterogametic sex. Which of the following statements is TRUE in this system of sex determination?
解析： The gender of the offspring is determined by the female parent.
5、 The sex determination system used by Drosophila is called:
解析： the X:A sex determination system.
6、 In Drosophila, flies that are XXY but have a normal diploid set of autosomes have been found. Such XXY chromosome constitutions have also been found in humans. The sex of such individuals is expected to be:
解析： female in Drosophila but male in humans.
7、 Red–green color blindness is X-linked recessive. A woman with normal color vision has a father who is color blind. The woman has a child with a man with normal color vision. Which phenotype is NOT expected?
解析： a color-blind female;
a color-blind female
8、 If a female Drosophila that is heterozygous for a recessive X-linked mutation is crossed to a wild-type male, what proportion of female progeny will have the mutant phenotype?
解析： 0%
9、 A Barr body is a(n):
解析： inactivated X chromosome, visible in the nucleus of a cell that is from a female mammal.
10、 In humans SRY is the male determining gene.
解析： 正确
11、 Female mammals that are heterozygous for an X-linked gene have patches of cells that express one allele and patches of cells that express the other.
解析： 正确
12、 The cellular reason for X-inactivation is to reduce the amount of nondisjunction during meiosis.
解析： 错误
13、 The condition XXXY is always lethal in humans.
解析： 错误
14、 The condition of having no X chromosomes, for example YO, is lethal in humans.
解析： 正确
15、 Temperature during embryonic development determines sex in reptiles like turtles and alligators.
解析： 正确
16、 In species in which females are the homogametic sex, gender of offspring is determined by the male.
解析： 正确
17、 A female with androgen insensitivity may have XY sex chromosomes rather than XX.
解析： 正确
18、 Species in which individuals have only male or only female reproductive structures are called dioecious.
解析： 正确
19、 The X and Y chromosomes are named after their characteristic shape.
解析： 错误
Chapter 5 Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles Chapter 5 测验
1、 The R locus determines flower color in a new plant species. Plants that are genotype RR have red flowers, and plants that are rr have white flowers. However, Rr plants have pink flowers. What type of inheritance does this demonstrate for flower color in these plants?
解析： incomplete dominance
2、 Interactions among the human ABO blood group alleles involve _ and ___.
解析： codominance; complete dominance
3、 Polydactyly is the condition of having extra fingers or toes. Some polydactylous persons possess extra fingers or toes that are fully functional, whereas others possess only a small tag of extra skin. This is an example of:
解析： variable expressivity.
4、 Achondroplasia is a common cause of dwarfism in humans. All individuals with achondroplasia are thought to be heterozygous at the locus that controls this trait. When two individuals with achondroplasia mate, the offspring occur in a ratio of 2 achondroplasia : 1 normal. What is the MOST likely explanation for these observations?
解析： The allele that causes achondroplasia is a recessive lethal allele.
5、 In humans, blood types A and B are codominant to each other and each is dominant to O. What blood types are possible among the offspring of a couple of blood types AB and A?
解析： A, B, and AB only
6、 Hair color is determined in Labrador retrievers by alleles at the B and E loci. A dominant allele B encodes black pigment, whereas a recessive allele b encodes brown pigment. Alleles at a second locus affect the deposition of the pigment in the shaft of the hair; dominant allele E allows dark pigment (black or brown) to be deposited, whereas recessive allele e prevents the deposition of dark pigment, causing the hair to be yellow. A black female Labrador retriever was mated with a yellow male. Half of the puppies were black and half were yellow. If the genotype of the black female parent was Bb Ee, then what was the genotype of the other parent?
解析： BB ee
7、 Which organelle in an animal cell, in addition to the nucleus, contains genes?
解析： mitochondrion
8、 Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a human disease that exhibits cytoplasmic inheritance. It is characterized by rapid loss of vision in both eyes, resulting from the death of cells in the optic nerve. A teenager loses vision in both eyes and is later diagnosed with LHON. How did this individual MOST likely inherit the mutant DNA responsible for this condition?
解析： a mitochondrial gene from the mother
9、 The bicoid mutation (bcd) in fruit flies is inherited as a maternal effect recessive allele. What is the expected ratio of phenotypes in the offspring of a cross between a heterozygous +/bcd female and a heterozygous +/bcd male?
解析： all normal
10、 The phenomenon in which a gene’s expression is determined by its parental origin is called:
解析： genomic imprinting.
11、 What phenomenon describes a genetic trait that is expressed more strongly or earlier in development with each generation?
解析： anticipation
12、 The himalayan allele in rabbits produces dark fur at the extremities of the body—on the nose, ears, and feet. The dark pigment develops, however, only when a rabbit is reared at a temperature of 25°C or lower; if a Himalayan rabbit is reared at 30°C, no dark patches develop. What does this exemplify?
解析： temperature-sensitive allele
13、 Multifactorial traits are influenced by _ and ___.
解析： multiple genes; environment
14、 In order to determine if mutations from different organisms that exhibit the same phenotype are allelic, which test would you perform?
解析： complementation test
15、 At a single genetic locus, a diploid individual may have more than two different alleles.
解析： 错误
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