[upload 机制讲解] FileUpload 總覽

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-09 21:16:28 发布

passren

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-09 21:16:28 发布

阅读量2k

点赞数

分类专栏： JAVA基础文章标签： upload file struts html browser null

JAVA基础专栏收录该内容

11 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

SECTION 01 FileUpload 總覽

在撰寫網站程式的時候, client 與 server 之間的往往不只有純文字的溝通, 還會有 binary 的檔案傳輸, 該如何在 HTML Form 之中傳送, 就要遵守 RFC 1867 的規範了.

基本上, post.jsp (選擇檔案)應該都會有下面類似的 html tag :

<form action="upload.jsp"  enctype="multipart/form-data"  method="POST">
    input your name: <input type="text" name="name"> <br>
    select the file: <input type="file" name="file"> <br>
    <input type="submit" value="submit">
</form>
這一部份是屬於 HTML 的範疇, 有興趣的可以鑽研 RFC ...

SECTION 02 multipart/form-data 的 HTTP 表現情形
當你按下傳送的時候, Browser 將會送出 Post 的資料到 server,

POST http://localhost:9000/fileupload/upload.jsp HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/msword, */*
Referer: http://localhost:9000/fileupload/post.jsp
Accept-Language: zh-tw,zh-cn;q=0.7,en-us;q=0.3
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------7d33e580784
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0)
Host: www.softleader.com.tw
Content-Length: 3020
Connection: Keep-Alive
Cache-Control: no-cache
Cookie: JSESSIONID=3B31F07F56328E7B623A9BA1C4E3479D
我們可以知道, Contenet-Type 是用 multipart/form-data 另外還有 boundary 的傳輸.

SECTION 03 實際的例子
<html>
<head>
<title>File Upload</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=big5">
</head>
<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"><p><font size="5"color="#FF0000">
<b>第七章檔案上傳範例</b></font></p>

<form name="Form1" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action="JYFile.jsp">
<p>上傳檔案 1： <input type="file"name="File1" size="20" maxlength="20"> </p>
<p>檔案1敘述： <input type="text" name="File1" size="30" maxlength="50"> </p>
<p>上傳檔案 2： <input type="file" name="File2" size="20" maxlength="20"> </p>
<p>檔案2敘述： <input type="text" name="File2" size="30" maxlength="50"> </p>
<p>上傳檔案3： <input type="file" name="File3" size="20" maxlength="20"> </p>
<p>檔案3敘述： <input type="text" name="File3" size="30" maxlength="50"> </p>
<p> <input type="submit"value="上傳"> <input type="reset" value="清除"> </p>
</form>

</body>
</html>

=514)window.open(this.src);else return false;" hspace=2 src="http://hi1-pass-ren/log/uploadimg/fileupload-1.gif" οnlοad="if(this.width>=514){this.style.cursor='hand';this.alt='!!!此图片仅显示局部，请点击查看完整图片!!!';this.previousSibling.style.display='';}" vspace=2 border=0>
SECTION 04 傳送格式
POST /newspaper/JYFile.jsp HTTP/1.1

Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg,
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/msword, */*

Referer: http://localhost:9000/newspaper/JYFile.html

Accept-Language: zh-tw,zh-cn;q=0.7,en-us;q=0.3

Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------7d31091c6205fc

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate

User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0)

Host: localhost:9000

Content-Length: 428583

Connection: Keep-Alive

Cache-Control: no-cache

Cookie: JSESSIONID=E141744815A8FF44F8AA9BA6D5946710

-----------------------------7d31091c6205fc
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="File1"; filename="C:/test/測試.exe"

Content-Type: application/octet-stream
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ( binary 亂碼 )

-----------------------------7d31091c6205fc

Content-Disposition: form-data; name="File1"

exe

-----------------------------7d31091c6205fc

Content-Disposition: form-data; name="File2"; filename="C:/test/測試.gif"

Content-Type: image/gif

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ( binary 亂碼 )

-----------------------------7d31091c6205fc

Content-Disposition: form-data; name="File2"

gif

-----------------------------7d31091c6205fc

Content-Disposition: form-data; name="File3"; filename="C:/test/測試.xls"

Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ( binary 亂碼 )

-----------------------------7d31091c6205fc

Content-Disposition: form-data; name="File3"

xls

-----------------------------7d31091c6205fc--

SECTION 05 送到 JYFile.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=Big5" language="java" %>
<%@ page import="java.io.*" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.commons.fileupload.*" %>

<%
    // 宣告將上傳之檔案放置到伺服器的 / .... /upload 目錄中
    String saveDirectory = "c://";
    // 宣告暫存目錄
    String tmpDirectory = "c://";
    // 宣告限制上傳之檔案總大小為, 單位為 byte, -1 表示無限制
    int maxPostSize = 1024 * 1024;
%>
<%
    // 宣告儲存敘述上傳檔案內容的變數
    String FileDescription = null;
    // 宣告儲存上傳檔案名稱的變數
    String FileName = null;
    // 宣告儲存上傳檔案大小的變數
    long FileSize = 0;
    // 宣告儲存上傳檔案型態的變數
    String ContentType = null;
    // 計算上傳檔案之個數
    int count = 0 ;
%>

<%
    DiskFileUpload upload = new DiskFileUpload();

    // 設定記憶體存放資料的大小, 超過則寫入檔案, 有設定暫存目錄, 暫存檔置於暫存目錄下
    upload.setSizeThreshold(4096);

    // 設定總上傳大小限制
    upload.setSizeMax(maxPostSize);

    // 設定暫存目錄
    upload.setRepositoryPath(tmpDirectory);
    List /* FileItem */ items = upload.parseRequest(request);
%>
<body>
<%
    Iterator iter = items.iterator();

    int tmp = 0;
    FileItem tmpItem = null;
    while (iter.hasNext())
    {
        tmp++;
        FileItem item = (FileItem) iter.next();

        if (item.isFormField()) {
        // 如果是一般欄位, 取得檔案敘述

            FileDescription = item.getString();

        } else {
        // 否則取得檔案資訊

            FileName = item.getName();

        // 因為不同的瀏覽器會造成傳遞 path + filename, 有些則只有 filename
  try {
   // for wintel platform
    FileName = FileName.substring(FileName.lastIndexOf("//")+1);
     // for unix-like platform
    FileName = FileName.substring(FileName.lastIndexOf("/")+1);
  } catch ( Exception ex ) {
    out.println(ex);
  }

            ContentType = item.getContentType();
            FileSize = item.getSize();
            tmpItem = item;
        }

        // 因為一個檔案都是兩個欄位, 每讀取兩個欄位處理一次
        if (tmp == 2 && FileSize != 0)
        {
            count ++;

%>
<font color="red">你上傳的第<%= count %>個的檔案：</font><br>
檔案名稱為：<%= FileName %><br>
檔案大小為：<%= FileSize %> Bytes<br>
檔案型態為：<%= ContentType %><br>
檔案的敘述：<%= FileDescription %><br><br>

<%
           // 將檔案寫入存檔目錄
   try {
      out.println(FileName);
      File uploadedFile = new File(saveDirectory + FileName);
      tmpItem.write(uploadedFile);
   } catch ( Exception ex ) {
      out.println(ex);
    }

            tmp = 0;
        } else if (tmp == 2 && FileSize == 0) {
            tmp = 0;
        } // end if
    } // end while
%>
您總共上傳<font color="red"><%= count %></font>個檔案
</body>
</html>

=514)window.open(this.src);else return false;" hspace=2 src="http://hi1-pass-ren/log/uploadimg/fileupload-2.gif" οnlοad="if(this.width>=514){this.style.cursor='hand';this.alt='!!!此图片仅显示局部，请点击查看完整图片!!!';this.previousSibling.style.display='';}" vspace=2 border=0>

SECTION 06 Struts FileUpload
為何 struts 1.1 要等 Commons-FileUpload 1.0 呢

因為 struts 有一個 subpackage 叫做 org.apache.struts.upload.*; 這裡面就是設定相關的 file 格式如果你使用 struts 為 MVC Framework 就可以參考 example 中的 struts-upload.war 的開發

(1) 建立 upload.jsp

<html:form action="upload.do?queryParam=Successful" enctype="multipart/form-data">
檔案敘述:<html:text property="theText" /><br>
選擇檔案:<html:file property="theFile" /><br>
</html:form>

(2) 建立 UploadForm.java

public class UploadForm extends ActionForm{
    ..........
    public String getTheText() {
        return theText;
    }
    public void setTheText(String theText) {
        this.theText = theText;
    }
    public FormFile getTheFile() {
        return theFile;
    }
    public void setTheFile(FormFile theFile) {
        this.theFile = theFile;
    }
    ..........
}

請注意 FormFile 是建立在 org.apache.struts.upload 這個 package 中的

(3) 撰寫 UploadAction

public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping,
            ActionForm form,
            HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response){
    UploadForm theForm = (UploadForm) form;
    String text = theForm.getTheText();
    FormFile file = theForm.getTheFile();
    String fileName= file.getFileName();
    String contentType = file.getContentType();
    String size = (file.getFileSize() + " bytes");
    .... // 看你要如何處理
    .... // 可以用 InputStream 取得 file.getInputStream 等等
    return mapping.findForward("ThePageYouWannaGo");
}

(4) 建立 struts-config.xml

  <form-beans>
  <form-bean name="uploadForm"
        type="org.apache.struts.webapp.upload.UploadForm" />
  </form-beans>
  <action-mappings>
  
  <action path="/upload" type="org.apache.struts.webapp.upload.UploadAction"
        name="uploadForm" scope="request" input="/upload.jsp">
  <forward name="display" path="/display.jsp" />
  </action>

詳細內容請下載 struts 1.1 src 查閱內容

SECTION 06 總結
其實大家熟悉的都是 Oreilly MultiPartRequest 和 jspsmart的SmartUpload , 請參考 jsptw 的 browser 所寫的著作.

passren

关注

0
点赞
踩
0

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
[upload 机制讲解] FileUpload 總覽

SECTION 01 FileUpload 總覽在撰寫網站程式的時候, client 與 server 之間的往往不只有純文字的溝通, 還會有 binary 的檔案傳輸, 該如何在 HTML Form 之中傳送, 就要遵守 RFC 1867 的規範了. 基本上, post.jsp (選擇檔案)應該都會有下面類似的 html tag : input your name: selec
复制链接

扫一扫

专栏目录