有一些极端情况,用scanf会超时,用putchar
1.读数字(int)
int read(int &x){
int f=1;char ch;x=0;
do{ch=getchar();if(ch=='-')f=-1;}while(ch<'0'||'9'<ch);//读入符号或其他字符
while('0'<=ch&&ch<='9'){x=10*x+ch-'0';ch=getchar();}x*=f;//读入x的绝对值并加上符号
return x;
}
void write(int x){
if(x<0){putchar('-');x=-x;}//若x为负数,输出符号并取其绝对值
if(x>9){write(x/10);putchar(x%10+'0');}//输出绝对值(采用递归的做法,减少代码量)
else putchar(x+'0');
return;
}
2.浮点数输入外挂(double)
inline bool scan_lf(double &num)
{
char in;double Dec=0.1;
bool IsN=false,IsD=false;
in=getchar();
if(in==EOF) return false;
while(in!='-'&&in!='.'&&(in<'0'||in>'9'))
in=getchar();
if(in=='-'){IsN=true;num=0;}
else if(in=='.'){IsD=true;num=0;}
else num=in-'0';
if(!IsD){
while(in=getchar(),in>='0'&&in<='9'){
num*=10;num+=in-'0';}
}
if(in!='.'){
if(IsN) num=-num;
return true;
}else{
while(in=getchar(),in>='0'&&in<='9'){
num+=Dec*(in-'0');Dec*=0.1;
}
}
if(IsN) num=-num;
return true;
}
3.读大整数(long long int)
long long read(){
long long res = 0;
int flag = 0;
char ch;
if ((ch = getchar()) == '-'){
flag = 1;
}
else if(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9'){
res = ch - '0';
}
while ((ch = getchar()) >= '0' && ch <= '9'){
res = res * 10 + (ch - '0');
}
return flag ? -res : res;
}
4.关同步
std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);可以大幅度加速读入速度