springboot自动配置原理

springboot自动配置原理

1）、SpringBoot启动的时候加载主配置类,开启了自动配置功能(@EnableAutoConfiguration)
2）、@EnableAutoConfiguration作用

• 利用AutoConfigurationImportSelector

• 查看selectImports()方法的内容

• List configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata,attributes);获取候选的配置

  1.SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames()
  2.扫描所有jar包类路径下 META-INF/spring.factories文件
  3.把扫描到的这些文件内容包装成properties对象
  4.从properties中获取到的AutoConfiguration.class类（类名）对应的值，然后把它们添加在容器中

  将类路径下META-INF/spring.factories里面配置的所有AutoConfiguration的值加入到了容器中

#Auto Configure org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.core.ReactorCoreAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration

每一个xxxAutoConfiguration类都是容器中的一个组件，都加入到容器中,用他们来做自动配置
3）、每一个自动配置类进行自动配置功能
4）、以HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(Http编码自动配置)为例解释自动配置原理

@Configuration //表示这是一个配置类，和以前的配置文件一样，给容器中添加组件
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpEncodingProperties.class) //启动指定类的ConfigurationProperties功能，将配置文件中对应的值和HttpEncodingProperties绑定起来；并把HttpEncodingProperties加入到ioc容器中
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = ConditionalOnWebApplication.Type.SERVLET)//根据不同的条件，如果满足指定的条件，整个配置类里面的配置就会生效（判断当前应用是否是web应用，如果是，当前配置类生效）
@ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class)//判断当前项目中有没有这个类CharacterEncodingFilter：springMVC中进行乱码解决的过滤器
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.http.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true)//判断配置文件中是否存在某个配置 spring.http.encoding.enabled；如果不存在，判断也是成立的
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {
	//已经和springboot的配置文件映射了
	private final HttpEncodingProperties properties;

	//只有一个有参构造器的情况下，参数的值就会从容器中拿
	public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration (HttpEncodingProperties properties) {
  	 	this.properties = properties;
}

	@Bean//给容器中添加一个组件，这个组件的某些值需要从properties中获取
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean
	public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
   		CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
   		filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
   		filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST));
   		filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE));
   		return filter;
}

根据当前不同的条件判断，决定这个配置类是否生效。
一旦这个配置类生效，就会给容器中添加各种组件，这些组件的属性是从对应的properties类中获取的，这些类里面的每一个属性又是和配置文件绑定的。
5）、所有在配置文件中能配置的属性都是在xxxProperties类中封装着；配置文件能配置什么就可以参照某个功能对应的这个属性类

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.http.encoding") //从配置文件中获取指定的值和bean的属性进行绑定
public class HttpEncodingProperties {

   public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;

总结
1、SpringBoot启动会加载大量的自动配置类；
2、查看需要的功能有没有SpringBoot默认写好的自动配置类；
3、再看这个自动配置类中配置了那些组件；(只要组件中有的，就不需要再配置了)；
4、给容器中自动配置类添加组件的时候，会从properties类中获取某些属性，就可以在配置文件中指定这些属性。