组合模式——Head First Design Patterns

定义：组合模式将对象组合成树形结构以表示“部分—整体”的层次关系，这使得使用者处理单个对象和组合对象时具有一致性

 

使用场景：当单个对象和组合对象需要对外提供类似的接口时

 

类图：

代码样例：

package headfirst.composite.menu;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class Menu extends MenuComponent {
	ArrayList menuComponents = new ArrayList();
	String name;
	String description;
  
	public Menu(String name, String description) {
		this.name = name;
		this.description = description;
	}
 
	public void add(MenuComponent menuComponent) {
		menuComponents.add(menuComponent);
	}
 
	public void remove(MenuComponent menuComponent) {
		menuComponents.remove(menuComponent);
	}
 
	public MenuComponent getChild(int i) {
		return (MenuComponent)menuComponents.get(i);
	}
 
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
 
	public String getDescription() {
		return description;
	}
 
	public void print() {
		System.out.print("\n" + getName());
		System.out.println(", " + getDescription());
		System.out.println("---------------------");
  
		Iterator iterator = menuComponents.iterator();
		while (iterator.hasNext()) {
			MenuComponent menuComponent = 
				(MenuComponent)iterator.next();
			menuComponent.print();
		}
	}
}

 

package headfirst.composite.menu;

import java.util.*;

public abstract class MenuComponent {
   
	public void add(MenuComponent menuComponent) {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
	public void remove(MenuComponent menuComponent) {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
	public MenuComponent getChild(int i) {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
  
	public String getName() {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
	public String getDescription() {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
	public double getPrice() {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
	public boolean isVegetarian() {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
  
	public void print() {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
}

 

package headfirst.composite.menu;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class MenuItem extends MenuComponent {
	String name;
	String description;
	boolean vegetarian;
	double price;
    
	public MenuItem(String name, 
	                String description, 
	                boolean vegetarian, 
	                double price) 
	{ 
		this.name = name;
		this.description = description;
		this.vegetarian = vegetarian;
		this.price = price;
	}
  
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
  
	public String getDescription() {
		return description;
	}
  
	public double getPrice() {
		return price;
	}
  
	public boolean isVegetarian() {
		return vegetarian;
	}
  
	public void print() {
		System.out.print("  " + getName());
		if (isVegetarian()) {
			System.out.print("(v)");
		}
		System.out.println(", " + getPrice());
		System.out.println("     -- " + getDescription());
	}
}

 

package headfirst.composite.menu;

import java.util.Iterator;
  
public class Waitress {
	MenuComponent allMenus;
 
	public Waitress(MenuComponent allMenus) {
		this.allMenus = allMenus;
	}
 
	public void printMenu() {
		allMenus.print();
	}
}

 

优点：1）简化对外的使用方式

缺点：1）

 

类似的设计模式：

 

配套的内功心法：1）