一直以来都想利用手机来控制一些东西,比如电灯,电风扇等家电或者智能小车等.
驱动蓝牙模块可以在Activity中直接调用,也可以在多线程下直接使用,但这样会存在一个缺陷:当你按下手机的Home或者Back键的时候.程序退出了,下次你重新启动软件的时候又需要重新建立蓝牙的链接了.
为了克服以上问题,我把蓝牙模块的调用放到Service里面使用.首先对Service说明下:(来源于http://tianrui-wang-163-com.iteye.com/blog/983099)
Service介绍
Android中的服务和windows中的服务是类似的东西,服务一般没有用户操作界面,它运行于系统中不容易被用户发觉,可以使用它开发如监控之类的程序。
由于没有可视化界面,Service都是从其它程序组件中启动、停止和控制,这些组件包括其它的Service、Activity和Broadcast Receiver。如果你的应用程序正常且不间断的运行,而不直接依赖于用户输入,Service是你最佳的选择。
Service生命周期
服务常用生命周期回调方法如下:
onCreate() 该方法在服务被创建时调用,该方法只会被调用一次,无论调用多少次startService()或bindService()方法,服务也只被创建一次。
onDestroy()该方法在服务被终止时调用。
Service对象不能自己启动,需要通过某个Activity、Service或者其他Context对象来启动。启动的方法有两种,Context.startService和Context.bindService()。两种方式的生命周期是不同的,具体如下所示。
Context.startService方式的生命周期:
启动时,startService –> onCreate() –> onStart()
停止时,stopService –> onDestroy()
Context.bindService方式的生命周期:
绑定时,bindService -> onCreate() –> onBind()
解绑定时,unbindService –>onUnbind() –> onDestory()
Service实现
定义一个Service只需要如下两步:
第一步:继承Service类
public class SMSService extends Service { } 这里可以选择要实现的方法
第二步:在AndroidManifest.xml文件中的<application>节点里对服务进行配置:
<service android:name=".SMSService" ”></service>
好了,废话少说,下面从我的代码直接开始:
- package com.lxx;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.io.OutputStream;
- import java.util.UUID;
- import android.app.Service;
- import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
- import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
- import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
- import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.content.IntentFilter;
- import android.os.IBinder;
- import android.util.Log;
- public class MyService extends Service{
- public boolean threadFlag = true;
- MyThread myThread;
- CommandReceiver cmdReceiver;//继承自BroadcastReceiver对象,用于得到Activity发送过来的命令
- /**************service 命令*********/
- static final int CMD_STOP_SERVICE = 0x01;
- static final int CMD_SEND_DATA = 0x02;
- static final int CMD_SYSTEM_EXIT =0x03;
- static final int CMD_SHOW_TOAST =0x04;
- private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = null;
- private BluetoothSocket btSocket = null;
- private OutputStream outStream = null;
- private InputStream inStream = null;
- public boolean bluetoothFlag = true;
- private static final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB");
- private static String address = "00:19:5D:EE:9B:8F"; // <==要连接的蓝牙设备MAC地址
- @Override
- public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- return null;
- }
- @Override
- public void onCreate() {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- super.onCreate();
- }
- //前台Activity调用startService时,该方法自动执行
- @Override
- public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- cmdReceiver = new CommandReceiver();
- IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();//创建IntentFilter对象
- //注册一个广播,用于接收Activity传送过来的命令,控制Service的行为,如:发送数据,停止服务等
- filter.addAction("android.intent.action.cmd");
- //注册Broadcast Receiver
- registerReceiver(cmdReceiver, filter);
- doJob();//调用方法启动线程
- return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
- }
- @Override
- public void onDestroy() {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- super.onDestroy();
- this.unregisterReceiver(cmdReceiver);//取消注册的CommandReceiver
- threadFlag = false;
- boolean retry = true;
- while(retry){
- try{
- myThread.join();
- retry = false;
- }catch(Exception e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- public class MyThread extends Thread{
- @Override
- public void run() {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- super.run();
- connectDevice();//连接蓝牙设备
- while(threadFlag){
- int value = readByte();
- if(value != -1){
- DisplayToast(value + "");
- }
- try{
- Thread.sleep(50);
- }catch(Exception e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- public void doJob(){
- mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
- if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
- DisplayToast("蓝牙设备不可用,请打开蓝牙!");
- bluetoothFlag = false;
- return;
- }
- if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
- DisplayToast("请打开蓝牙并重新运行程序!");
- bluetoothFlag = false;
- stopService();
- showToast("请打开蓝牙并重新运行程序!");
- return;
- }
- showToast("搜索到蓝牙设备!");
- threadFlag = true;
- myThread = new MyThread();
- myThread.start();
- }
- public void connectDevice(){
- DisplayToast("正在尝试连接蓝牙设备,请稍后····");
- BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
- try {
- btSocket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);
- } catch (IOException e) {
- DisplayToast("套接字创建失败!");
- bluetoothFlag = false;
- }
- DisplayToast("成功连接蓝牙设备!");
- mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
- try {
- btSocket.connect();
- DisplayToast("连接成功建立,可以开始操控了!");
- showToast("连接成功建立,可以开始操控了!");
- bluetoothFlag = true;
- } catch (IOException e) {
- try {
- btSocket.close();
- bluetoothFlag = false;
- } catch (IOException e2) {
- DisplayToast("连接没有建立,无法关闭套接字!");
- }
- }
- if(bluetoothFlag){
- try {
- inStream = btSocket.getInputStream();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } //绑定读接口
- try {
- outStream = btSocket.getOutputStream();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } //绑定写接口
- }
- }
- public void sendCmd(byte cmd, int value)//串口发送数据
- {
- if(!bluetoothFlag){
- return;
- }
- byte[] msgBuffer = new byte[5];
- msgBuffer[0] = cmd;
- msgBuffer[1] = (byte)(value >> 0 & 0xff);
- msgBuffer[2] = (byte)(value >> 8 & 0xff);
- msgBuffer[3] = (byte)(value >> 16 & 0xff);
- msgBuffer[4] = (byte)(value >> 24 & 0xff);
- try {
- outStream.write(msgBuffer, 0, 5);
- outStream.flush();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public int readByte(){//return -1 if no data
- int ret = -1;
- if(!bluetoothFlag){
- return ret;
- }
- try {
- ret = inStream.read();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return ret;
- }
- public void stopService(){//停止服务
- threadFlag = false;//停止线程
- stopSelf();//停止服务
- }
- public void showToast(String str){//显示提示信息
- Intent intent = new Intent();
- intent.putExtra("cmd", CMD_SHOW_TOAST);
- intent.putExtra("str", str);
- intent.setAction("android.intent.action.lxx");
- sendBroadcast(intent);
- }
- public void DisplayToast(String str)
- {
- Log.d("Season",str);
- }
- //接收Activity传送过来的命令
- private class CommandReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
- if(intent.getAction().equals("android.intent.action.cmd")){
- int cmd = intent.getIntExtra("cmd", -1);//获取Extra信息
- if(cmd == CMD_STOP_SERVICE){
- stopService();
- }
- if(cmd == CMD_SEND_DATA)
- {
- byte command = intent.getByteExtra("command", (byte) 0);
- int value = intent.getIntExtra("value", 0);
- sendCmd(command,value);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
主界面Activity只有一个按钮,就是通过Broadcast来想Service发送数据,Service收到数据进行命令等的解析,然后调用相应的函数,相当于直接调用了Service中的函数.因为Activity和Service是运行在不同的进程中的,两者不能进行直接的通讯,必须通过一个"桥梁"建立起联系才行.
- package com.lxx;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.content.IntentFilter;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.IBinder;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.TextView;
- import android.widget.Toast;
- public class BroadcastActivity extends Activity {
- /** Called when the activity is first created. */
- TextView myTextView;
- Button sendButton;
- MyReceiver receiver;
- IBinder serviceBinder;
- MyService mService;
- Intent intent;
- int value = 0;
- /**************service 命令*********/
- static final int CMD_STOP_SERVICE = 0x01;
- static final int CMD_SEND_DATA = 0x02;
- static final int CMD_SYSTEM_EXIT =0x03;
- static final int CMD_SHOW_TOAST =0x04;
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- myTextView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.myTextView);
- myTextView.setText("Season");
- sendButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.sendButton);
- sendButton.setOnClickListener(new SendButtonClickListener());
- intent = new Intent(BroadcastActivity.this,MyService.class);
- startService(intent);
- }
- public class SendButtonClickListener implements OnClickListener{
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- byte command = 45;
- int value = 0x12345;
- sendCmd(command,value);
- }
- }
- @Override
- protected void onDestroy() {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- super.onDestroy();
- if(receiver!=null){
- BroadcastActivity.this.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
- }
- }
- @Override
- protected void onResume() {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- super.onResume();
- receiver = new MyReceiver();
- IntentFilter filter=new IntentFilter();
- filter.addAction("android.intent.action.lxx");
- BroadcastActivity.this.registerReceiver(receiver,filter);
- }
- public void showToast(String str){//显示提示信息
- Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), str, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }
- public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- if(intent.getAction().equals("android.intent.action.lxx")){
- Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
- int cmd = bundle.getInt("cmd");
- if(cmd == CMD_SHOW_TOAST){
- String str = bundle.getString("str");
- showToast(str);
- }
- else if(cmd == CMD_SYSTEM_EXIT){
- System.exit(0);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- public void sendCmd(byte command, int value){
- Intent intent = new Intent();//创建Intent对象
- intent.setAction("android.intent.action.cmd");
- intent.putExtra("cmd", CMD_SEND_DATA);
- intent.putExtra("command", command);
- intent.putExtra("value", value);
- sendBroadcast(intent);//发送广播
- }
- }
以下主要对代码部分进行详细的说明:
1.为了方便Activity和Service简历起良好的通信关系,需要在各自发送的数据进行命令的解释,这些命令在两者之间是一致的,能够相互读懂对方发送过来的数据.
- /**************service 命令*********/
- static final int CMD_STOP_SERVICE = 0x01;//停止服务
- static final int CMD_SEND_DATA = 0x02;//发送数据
- static final int CMD_SYSTEM_EXIT =0x03;//退出程序
- static final int CMD_SHOW_TOAST =0x04;//界面上显示toast
2.Service传送数据到Activity:
要接收Broadcast首先的有个Receiver:
- //接收Activity传送过来的命令
- private class CommandReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
- if(intent.getAction().equals("android.intent.action.cmd")){
- int cmd = intent.getIntExtra("cmd", -1);//获取Extra信息
- if(cmd == CMD_STOP_SERVICE){
- stopService();
- }
- if(cmd == CMD_SEND_DATA)
- {
- byte command = intent.getByteExtra("command", (byte) 0);
- int value = intent.getIntExtra("value", 0);
- sendCmd(command,value);
- }
- }
- }
- }
为了能够接收到数据,首先得把这个Receiver注册:
- public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- if(intent.getAction().equals("android.intent.action.lxx")){
- Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
- int cmd = bundle.getInt("cmd");
- if(cmd == CMD_SHOW_TOAST){
- String str = bundle.getString("str");
- showToast(str);
- }
- else if(cmd == CMD_SYSTEM_EXIT){
- System.exit(0);
- }
- }
- }
- }
其中doJob是启动一个线程,定时的去读取蓝牙串口的数据,然后根据里面的数据解析就可以实现不同的操作了,这个反过来就是外设直接控制手机了.因为这个线程是一直在后台运行着的,只要不结束Service,它就一直保持这与外设串口蓝牙模块的通讯.
- public class MyThread extends Thread{
- @Override
- public void run() {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- super.run();
- connectDevice();//连接蓝牙设备
- while(threadFlag){
- int value = readByte();//从蓝牙模块读取一个字节的数据,解释命令用
- if(value != -1){
- DisplayToast(value + "");
- }
- try{
- Thread.sleep(50);
- }catch(Exception e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
3.Activity传送数据到Service:
Activity上有一个按钮,点击一下就可以发送数据到蓝牙串口模块,工作原理是这样的:界面上实现按钮的点击事件
- public class SendButtonClickListener implements OnClickListener{
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- byte command = 45;
- int value = 0x12345;
- sendCmd(command,value);
- }
- }
这里的sendCmd是关键,里面通过建立起一个广播消息,Service里会负责接收他
- public void sendCmd(byte command, int value){
- Intent intent = new Intent();//创建Intent对象
- intent.setAction("android.intent.action.cmd");
- intent.putExtra("cmd", CMD_SEND_DATA);
- intent.putExtra("command", command);
- intent.putExtra("value", value);
- sendBroadcast(intent);//发送广播
- }
Service中
- //前台Activity调用startService时,该方法自动执行
- @Override
- public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- cmdReceiver = new CommandReceiver();
- IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();//创建IntentFilter对象
- //注册一个广播,用于接收Activity传送过来的命令,控制Service的行为,如:发送数据,停止服务等
- filter.addAction("android.intent.action.cmd");
- //注册Broadcast Receiver
- registerReceiver(cmdReceiver, filter);
- doJob();//调用方法启动线程
- return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
- }
通过以上步骤就可以建立起蓝牙模块发送数据到Activity,Activity也可以发送数据到蓝牙模块了;
本例子的源码:
http://download.csdn.net/source/3557026
博文转自:http://blog.csdn.net/cen616899547/article/category/1133607