1 第一章、 一个简单的web服务器
这一章主要介绍一个web服务器是怎样工作的,一个web服务器通常也叫Http服务器因为通过http协议与客户端(浏览器)交互。
1.1 超文本传输协议HTTP
HTTP协议包括HTTP Request和HTTP Response
Client初始化连接的时候为传送一个HTTP Request,包括三个部分:
方法-URI-协议/版本
Request 头
Request 体
与Request HTTP相似,HTTP Response也包括三个部分:
协议-状态-描述
Response 头
Response 体
1.2 Socket 和 ServerSocket
套接字socket代表客户端与服务器连接,你可以通过他与服务器建立连接,可以指定host和port,Java中用Socket类来建立,有多个构造函数。
可以通过ServerSocket建立http服务器或者ftp服务器。
1.3 应用
在eclipse中建立java工程tomcat_study,具体结构如下:
src:存放java原文件
webroot: 存放html文件
lib:所需库
webapps:应用程序
这里实现一个服务器应用,主要实现三个类:
HttpServer
Request
Response
在main方法中创建HttpServer实例,并调用它的await方法,该方法监听制定端口的Http请求,处理以后返回给客户端,直到收到shutdown命令。
package com.ex01.pyfrmont;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
*
* 服务器实现类,await方法,该方法监听制定端口的Http请求,
* 处理以后返回给客户端,直到收到shutdown命令
* @author peng_yf
* @version 1.0,2011-08-20
* @since 1.0
*
*/
public class HttpServer {
/**
* WEB_ROOT is the directory where our HTML and other files reside.
* For this packge,WEB_ROOT is the "webroot" directory under the
* working directory.
* The working directory is the location in the file system from
* where the java command was invoked.
*/
public static final String WEB_ROOT =
System.getProperty("user.dir") + File.separator + "webroot";
/**
* shutdown command
*/
private static final String SHUTDOWN_COMMAND = "/SHUTDOWN";
/**
* the shutdown command received
*/
private boolean shutdown = false;
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
HttpServer server = new HttpServer();
server.await();
}
private void await() {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
int port = 8080;
try{
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port,1,InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"));
}catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
//Loop waiting for a request
while(!shutdown){
Socket socket = null;
InputStream input = null;
OutputStream output = null;
try{
socket = serverSocket.accept();
input = socket.getInputStream();
output = socket.getOutputStream();
//create Request object and parse
Request request = new Request(input);
request.parse();
//create Response object
Response response = new Response(output);
response.setRequest(request);
response.sendStaticResource();
//close the socket
socket.close();
//check if the previous URI is a shutdown command
shutdown = request.getUri().equals(SHUTDOWN_COMMAND);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
continue;
}
}
}
}
Request代表一个HTTP请求,用Socket中与客户端通信的输入流来构造,可以通过其中的read方法读取HTTP格式数据。
package com.ex01.pyfrmont;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
/**
* 代表一个HTTP请求,用Socket中与客户端通信的输入流来构造,可
* 以通过其中的read方法读取HTTP格式数据
* @author Peng_yf
* @version 1.0,2011-08-20
* @since 1.0
*/
public class Request {
private InputStream input;
private String uri;
public Request(InputStream input) {
this.input = input;
}
public void parse() {
// Read a set of characters from the socket
StringBuffer request = new StringBuffer(2048);
int i;
byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
try {
i = input.read(buffer);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
i = -1;
}
for(int j=0; j < i; j++){
request.append((char)buffer[j]);
}
System.out.println(request.toString());
uri = parseUri(request.toString());
}
private String parseUri(String requestString){
int index1,index2;
index1 = requestString.indexOf(' ');
while(index1 != -1){
index2 = requestString.indexOf(' ', index1+1);
if(index1 < index2){
return requestString.substring(index1+1,index2);
}
}
return null;
}
public String getUri(){
return this.uri;
}
}
Response代表HTTP响应。
package com.ex01.pyfrmont;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
/**
* HTTP Response = Status-Line
* *((general-header|response-header|entity-header)CRLF)
* CRLF
* [message body]
* Status-Line=HTTP-Version SP Status-Code SP Response-Phrase CRLF
* @author Peng_yf
* @version 1.0, 2011-08-20
* @since 1.0
*
*/
public class Response {
private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
OutputStream output;
Request request;
public Response(OutputStream output) {
this.output = output;
}
public void setRequest(Request request) {
this.request = request;
}
public void sendStaticResource() {
byte[] bytes = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
FileInputStream fis = null;
try {
File file = new File(HttpServer.WEB_ROOT,request.getUri());
if(file.exists()){
fis = new FileInputStream(file);
int ch = fis.read(bytes,0,BUFFER_SIZE);
if(ch != -1){
output.write(bytes, 0, ch);
ch = fis.read(bytes,0,BUFFER_SIZE);
}
}else{
//file not found
String errorMessage = "HTTP/1.1 404 File Not Found¥r¥n" +
"Content-Type:text/html¥r¥n" +
"Content-Length:23¥r¥n"+
"¥r¥n" +
"<h1> File Not Found</h1>";
output.write(errorMessage.getBytes());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
//thrown if cannot instantiate a File object.
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(fis != null){
try {
fis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
测试运行时,运行HttpServer,在界面输入:
http://localhost:8080/index.html
将会在浏览器中显示index.html中的内容。