利用NPOI组件读写XLS文件
简介:NPOI 是 POI 项目的 .NET 版本。POI是一个开源的Java读写Excel、WORD等微软OLE2组件文档的项目。
优势:
(一)传统操作
Excel遇到的问题:
1、如果是
.NET,需要在服务器端装
Office,且及时更新它,以防漏洞,还需要设定权限允许
.NET访问
COM+,如果在导出过程中出问题可能导致服务器宕机。
2、
Excel会把只包含数字的列进行类型转换,本来是文本型的,
Excel会将其转成数值型的,比如编号000123会变成123。
3、导出时,如果字段内容以“-”或“=”开头,Excel会把它当成公式进行,会报错。
4、
Excel会根据
Excel文件前8行分析数据类型,如果正好你前8行某一列只是数字,那它会认为该列为数值型,自动将该列转变成类似1.42702
E+17格式,日期列变成包含日期和数字的。
(二)使用
NPOI的优势
1、您可以完全免费使用该框架
2、包含了大部分EXCEL的特性(单元格样式、数据格式、公式等等)
3、专业的技术支持服务(24*7全天候) (非免费)
4、支持处理的文件格式包括xls、xlsx、doc.
5、采用面向接口的设计架构( 可以查看 NPOI.SS的命名空间)
6、同时支持文件的导入和导出
7、基于.net 2.0 也支持xlsx 和 docx格式(当然也支持.net 4.0)
8、来自全世界大量成功且真实的测试Cases
9、大量的实例代码
11、你不需要在服务器上安装微软的Office,可以避免版权问题。
12、使用起来比Office PIA的API更加方便,更人性化。
13、你不用去花大力气维护NPOI,NPOI Team会不断更新、改善NPOI,绝对省成本。
NPOI之所以强大,并不是因为它支持导出
Excel,而是因为它支持导入
Excel,并能“理解”
OLE2文档结构,这也是其他一些Excel读写库比较弱的方面。通常,读入并理解结构远比导出来得复杂,因为导入你必须假设一切情况都是可能的,而生成你只要保证满足你自己需求就可以了,如果把导入需求和生成需求比做两个集合,那么生成需求通常都是导入需求的子集,这一规律不仅体现在
Excel读写库中,也体现在
pdf读写库中,目前市面上大部分的
pdf库仅支持生成,不支持导入。
解决方案:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.IO;
using NPOI.HSSF.Model; // InternalWorkbook
using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel; // HSSFWorkbook, HSSFSheet
/*----------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (C) 2016 公司
//
// filename:Program.cs
// fileremark:利用NPOI组件进行读写xls文件
// author:彭振
// time:2016-06-01 17:03:07
//
//----------------------------------------------------------------*/
namespace XlsViaNpoi
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
HSSFWorkbook wb;
HSSFSheet sh;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//如果xls文件不存在则创建
if (!File.Exists("test.xls"))
{
wb = HSSFWorkbook.Create(InternalWorkbook.CreateWorkbook());
// 创建sheet
sh = (HSSFSheet)wb.CreateSheet("Sheet1");
// 3行,2列
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
var r = sh.CreateRow(i);
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
{
r.CreateCell(j);
}
}
using (var fs = new FileStream("test.xls", FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write))
{
wb.Write(fs);
}
}
//从xls文件中获取sheets列表
using (var fs = new FileStream("test.xls", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
{
wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
for (int i = 0; i < wb.Count; i++)
{
comboBox1.Items.Add(wb.GetSheetAt(i).SheetName);
}
}
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// 填充前清除grid
dataGridView1.Rows.Clear();
dataGridView1.Columns.Clear();
// 获取sheet
sh = (HSSFSheet)wb.GetSheet(comboBox1.SelectedItem.ToString());
int i = 0;
while (sh.GetRow(i) != null)
{
// 添加列
if (dataGridView1.Columns.Count < sh.GetRow(i).Cells.Count)
{
for (int j = 0; j < sh.GetRow(i).Cells.Count; j++)
{
dataGridView1.Columns.Add("", "");
}
}
// 添加行
dataGridView1.Rows.Add();
// 写入行数值
for (int j = 0; j < sh.GetRow(i).Cells.Count; j++)
{
var cell = sh.GetRow(i).GetCell(j);
if (cell != null)
{
// 备注: 可以添加更多的行列类型
switch (cell.CellType)
{
case NPOI.SS.UserModel.CellType.Numeric:
dataGridView1[j, i].Value = sh.GetRow(i).GetCell(j).NumericCellValue;
break;
case NPOI.SS.UserModel.CellType.String:
dataGridView1[j, i].Value = sh.GetRow(i).GetCell(j).StringCellValue;
break;
}
}
}
i++;
}
}
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
for (int i = 0; i < dataGridView1.RowCount - 1; i++)
{
if (sh.GetRow(i) == null)
sh.CreateRow(i);
for (int j = 0; j < dataGridView1.ColumnCount; j++)
{
if (sh.GetRow(i).GetCell(j) == null)
sh.GetRow(i).CreateCell(j);
if (dataGridView1[j, i].Value != null)
{
sh.GetRow(i).GetCell(j).SetCellValue(dataGridView1[j, i].Value.ToString());
}
}
}
using (var fs = new FileStream("test.xls", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Write))
{
wb.Write(fs);
}
}
}
}
namespace XlsViaNpoi
{
partial class Form1
{
/// <summary>
/// Required designer variable.
/// </summary>
private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;
/// <summary>
/// Clean up any resources being used.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing && (components != null))
{
components.Dispose();
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
#region Windows Form Designer generated code
/// <summary>
/// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
/// the contents of this method with the code editor.
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.components = new System.ComponentModel.Container();
this.dataGridView1 = new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridView();
this.comboBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox();
this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.toolTip1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolTip(this.components);
this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.dataGridView1)).BeginInit();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// dataGridView1
//
this.dataGridView1.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode = System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.AutoSize;
this.dataGridView1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 34);
this.dataGridView1.Name = "dataGridView1";
this.dataGridView1.ShowCellToolTips = false;
this.dataGridView1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(504, 233);
this.dataGridView1.TabIndex = 0;
//
// comboBox1
//
this.comboBox1.DropDownStyle = System.Windows.Forms.ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList;
this.comboBox1.FormattingEnabled = true;
this.comboBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(96, 9);
this.comboBox1.Name = "comboBox1";
this.comboBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(130, 20);
this.comboBox1.TabIndex = 1;
//
// label1
//
this.label1.AutoSize = true;
this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 12);
this.label1.Name = "label1";
this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(95, 12);
this.label1.TabIndex = 2;
this.label1.Text = "Select a sheet:";
//
// button1
//
this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(232, 7);
this.button1.Name = "button1";
this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 21);
this.button1.TabIndex = 3;
this.button1.Text = "Show";
this.button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
//
// toolTip1
//
this.toolTip1.IsBalloon = true;
this.toolTip1.UseAnimation = false;
this.toolTip1.UseFading = false;
//
// button2
//
this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(423, 7);
this.button2.Name = "button2";
this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(93, 21);
this.button2.TabIndex = 4;
this.button2.Text = "Save changes";
this.button2.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
this.button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button2_Click);
//
// Form1
//
this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);
this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(528, 278);
this.Controls.Add(this.button2);
this.Controls.Add(this.button1);
this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
this.Controls.Add(this.comboBox1);
this.Controls.Add(this.dataGridView1);
this.Name = "Form1";
this.Text = "Form1";
this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load);
((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.dataGridView1)).EndInit();
this.ResumeLayout(false);
this.PerformLayout();
}
#endregion
private System.Windows.Forms.DataGridView dataGridView1;
private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox comboBox1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1;
private System.Windows.Forms.ToolTip toolTip1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2;
}
}
DLL资源包:NPOI 2.2.1 binary package.zip
利用NPOI组件读写XLS文件:利用NPOI组件读写XLS文件