week7-leetcode #22-GenerateParentheses

week7-leetcode #22-GenerateParentheses

题目地址： https://leetcode.com/problems/generate-parentheses/description/

Question

Given n pairs of parentheses, write a function to generate all combinations of well-formed parentheses.

Example

given n = 3, a solution set is:

[
  "((()))",
  "(()())",
  "(())()",
  "()(())",
  "()()()"
]

Solution

class Solution {
public:
  vector<string> generateParenthesis(int n) {
    vector<string> vec_out;
    recursiveParenthesis(n, n, "", vec_out);
    return vec_out;
  }

  void recursiveParenthesis(int left, int right, string out, vector<string> &vec_out) {
    // 如果右边括号过多，直接返回
    if (left > right) return;
    if (left == 0 && right == 0)
      vec_out.push_back(out);
    if (left > 0)
      recursiveParenthesis(left-1, right, out+"(", vec_out);
    if (right > 0)
      recursiveParenthesis(left, right-1, out+")", vec_out);
  }
};

思路

考虑使用递归算法。

（1）如果剩余左边的括号大于有右边的括号，说明右边的括号多于左边的括号，无法进行匹配。

（2）如果剩余左右括号为0，说明括号达到了要求的数量，停止递归。

（3）如果左边或者右边剩余的括号大于0，递归生成左括号或右括号。