自主编程实现二叉树

在计算机科学中，二叉树是每个节点最多有两个子树的树结构。通常子树被称作“左子树”（left subtree）和“右子树”（right subtree）。二叉树常被用于实现二叉查找树和二叉堆。

二叉树的每个结点至多只有二棵子树(不存在度大于2的结点)，二叉树的子树有左右之分，次序不能颠倒。二叉树的第i层至多有2^{i-1}个结点；深度为k的二叉树至多有2^k-1个结点；对任何一棵二叉树T，如果其终端结点数为n_0，度为2的结点数为n_2，则n_0=n_2+1。

一棵深度为k，且有2^k-1个节点称之为满二叉树；深度为k，有n个节点的二叉树，当且仅当其每一个节点都与深度为k的满二叉树中，序号为1至n的节点对应时，称之为完全二叉树。

下面是顺序存储方式的二叉树实现代码：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std ;

class Tree
{
	char* m_pTree;
	int m_nSize;     //数组大小 
public:
	Tree(int size, char* pRoot);								//创建树
	~Tree();												//销毁树
	char SearchNode(int nodeindex);							//根据索引寻找结点
	bool AddNode(int nodeindex, int direction, char* pNode);	//添加结点
	bool DeleteNode(int nodeindex);				//删除结点
	void TreeTraverse();	
};


Tree::Tree(int size,char *pRoot)  //构造函数
{
    m_nSize = size ;
	m_pTree = new char[size] ;
	for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
	{
	   m_pTree[i] = ' ' ;    //将二叉树数组所有内容赋为' '  代表空
	}
	m_pTree[0] = *pRoot ;
}

Tree::~Tree()    //析构函数
{
	delete []m_pTree;
	m_pTree = NULL;
}

char Tree::SearchNode(int nodeindex)  //寻找数据  传入参数为节点位置
{
	if(nodeindex < 0 || nodeindex >= m_nSize)
	{
		return NULL;
	}
	if(m_pTree[nodeindex] == ' ')
	{
		return NULL;
	}
	return m_pTree[nodeindex];
}


bool Tree::AddNode(int nodeindex, int direction, char* pNode)   //添加数据  nodeindex为父结点位置
{
	if(nodeindex < 0 || nodeindex >= m_nSize)
	{
		return false;
	}
	if(m_pTree[nodeindex] == 0)
	{
		return false;
	}

	if(direction == 0)   //左子树
	{
		if(nodeindex*2+1 >= m_nSize)
		{
			return false;
		}
		if(m_pTree[nodeindex*2+1] != ' ')   //该位置已有数据
		{
			return false;
		}
		m_pTree[nodeindex*2+1] = *pNode;    //在该位置赋值
	}
	if(direction == 1)   //右子树
	{
		if(nodeindex*2+2 >= m_nSize)
		{
			return false;
		}
		if(m_pTree[nodeindex*2+2] != ' ')
		{
			return false;
		}
		m_pTree[nodeindex*2+2] = *pNode;
	}
	return true;
}


bool Tree::DeleteNode(int nodeindex)  //删除结点
{
	if(nodeindex < 0 || nodeindex >= m_nSize)
	{
		return false;
	}
	if(m_pTree[nodeindex] == ' ')   //该位置为空 无数据
	{
		return false;
	}

	//char Node = m_pTree[nodeindex];  
	//cout<<Node << endl ;      //打印删除的结点数据
	m_pTree[nodeindex] = ' ';       //位置赋空
	return true;
}


void Tree::TreeTraverse()       //打印二叉树内容
{
	for(int i = 0; i < m_nSize; i++)
	{
		cout<<m_pTree[i]<<"  ";
	}
	cout<<endl ;
}


int main()
{
      char Node = 'a' ;
	  Tree * mTree = new Tree(20,&Node) ;    
	  char node1 = 'b';
	  char node2 = 'c';
	  mTree->AddNode(0, 0, &node1);
	  mTree->AddNode(0, 1, &node2);
	  mTree->TreeTraverse() ;

	  cout<<mTree->SearchNode(2)<<endl ;

	  mTree->DeleteNode(2);
	  mTree->TreeTraverse() ;

	  return 0 ;
}

       

  

下面是链表存储方式的二叉树实现代码：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std ;

class Node ;

class Tree
{
	Node * m_pRoot;
public:
	Tree();																//创建树
	~Tree();															//销毁树
	Node * SearchNode(int nodeindex);									//根据索引寻找结点
	bool AddNode(int nodeindex, int direction, Node* pNode);			//添加结点
	bool DeleteNode(int nodeindex, Node* pNode);						//删除结点
	void PreorderTraversal();											//前序遍历
	void InorderTraversal();											//中序遍历
	void PostorderTraversal();											//后序遍历
};


class Node 
{
public:
	Node();
	Node* SearchNode(int nodeindex);
	void DeleteNode();
	void PreorderTraversal();										//前序遍历
	void InorderTraversal();										//中序遍历
	void PostorderTraversal();										//后序遍历
	int index;
	char data;
	Node* pLChild;
	Node* pRChild;
	Node* pParent;
};


Tree::Tree()		//初始化这棵树
{
	m_pRoot = new Node();
}

Tree::~Tree()
{
	//DeleteNode(0, NULL);
	m_pRoot->DeleteNode();
}

Node* Tree::SearchNode(int nodeIndex)
{
	return m_pRoot->SearchNode(nodeIndex);
}

bool Tree::AddNode(int nodeIndex, int direction, Node* pNode)    //添加结点
{
	Node* temp = SearchNode(nodeIndex);  //根据索引寻找结点
	if(temp == NULL)
	{
		return false;
	}

	Node* node = new Node();
	if(node == NULL)
	{
		return false;
	}
	node->index = pNode->index;
	node->data = pNode->data;
	node->pParent = temp;

	if(direction == 0)
	{
		temp->pLChild = node;
	}
	else if(direction == 1)
	{
		temp->pRChild = node;
	}
	return true;
}

bool Tree::DeleteNode(int nodeIndex, Node* pNode)  //删除结点
{	
	Node* temp = SearchNode(nodeIndex);
	if(temp == NULL)
	{
		return false;
	}

	if(pNode != NULL)
	{
		pNode->data = temp->data;
	}

	temp->DeleteNode();
	return true;
}

void Tree::PreorderTraversal()    //前序遍历
{
	m_pRoot->PreorderTraversal();
}

void Tree::InorderTraversal()    //中序遍历
{
	m_pRoot->InorderTraversal();
}	

void Tree::PostorderTraversal()    //后序遍历
{
	m_pRoot->PostorderTraversal();
}

Node::Node()     //结点构造函数
{
	index = 0;
	data = ' ';
	pLChild = NULL;
	pRChild = NULL;
	pParent = NULL;
}

Node* Node::SearchNode(int nodeindex)   
{
	if(this->index == nodeindex)
	{
		return this;
	}

	Node *temp;
	if(this->pLChild != NULL)
	{
		if(this->pLChild->index == nodeindex)
		{
			return this->pLChild;
		}
		else 
		{
			temp = this->pLChild->SearchNode(nodeindex);
			if(temp != NULL)
			{
				return temp;					
			}
		}
	}

	if(this->pRChild != NULL)
	{
		if(this->pRChild->index == nodeindex)
		{
			return this->pRChild;
		}
		else 
		{
			temp = this->pRChild->SearchNode(nodeindex);
			if(temp != NULL)
			{
				return temp;					
			}
		}
	}

	return NULL;
}

void Node::DeleteNode()
{
	if(this->pLChild != NULL)
	{
		this->pLChild->DeleteNode();
	}
	if(this->pRChild != NULL)
	{
		this->pRChild->DeleteNode();
	}
	if(this->pParent != NULL)
	{
		if(this->pParent->pLChild == this)
		{
			this->pParent->pLChild = NULL;
		}
		if(this->pParent->pRChild == this)
		{
			this->pParent->pRChild = NULL;
		}
	}
	delete this;
}

void Node::PreorderTraversal()
{
	cout<<this->index<<"    "<<this->data<<endl;
	if(this->pLChild != NULL)
	{
		this->pLChild->PreorderTraversal();
	}
	if(this->pRChild != NULL)
	{
		this->pRChild->PreorderTraversal();
	}
}

void Node::InorderTraversal()
{
	if(this->pLChild != NULL)
	{
		this->pLChild->InorderTraversal();
	}
	cout<<this->index<<"    "<<this->data<<endl;
	if(this->pRChild != NULL)
	{
		this->pRChild->InorderTraversal();
	}	
}	

void Node::PostorderTraversal()
{
	if(this->pLChild != NULL)
	{
		this->pLChild->PostorderTraversal();
	}
	if(this->pRChild != NULL)
	{
		this->pRChild->PostorderTraversal();
	}		
	cout<<this->index<<"    "<<this->data<<endl;
}

int main()
{
	Tree *tree = new Tree();
	Node* node1 = new Node;
	node1->index = 1;
	node1->data = 'a';

	Node* node2 = new Node;
	node2->index = 2;
	node2->data = 'b';

	Node* node3 = new Node;
	node3->index = 3;
	node3->data = 'c';


	tree->AddNode(0, 0, node1);
	tree->AddNode(0, 1, node2);
	tree->AddNode(1, 0, node3);


	//tree->DeleteNode(2, NULL);
	//tree->PreorderTraversal();
	//tree->InorderTraversal();		
	tree->PostorderTraversal();

	delete tree;

	return 0;
}