传智播客Hibernate视频教程学习笔记14

    在关系数据库中，多对一关系一般利用外键表示，例如部门与员工关系，在员工表中设置外键，比如部门编号来建立关联约束，在Hibernate的处理方法中，采用在Employee类中添加Department成员变量来建立关联，这样可以直接搜索上去而不用再根据id访问一次数据库。

 

Department.java

package domain; public class Department { private int id; private String name; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }

Department.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="domain"> <class name="Department"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name"></property> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

Employee.java

package domain; import java.util.Date; public class Users { private int id; private String name; private Date birthday; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirthday() { return birthday; } public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; } }

Employee.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="domain"> <class name="Employee"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name"></property> <many-to-one name="dpt" column="dpt_id"></many-to-one> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <!-- Database connection settings --> <property name="connection.driver_class">com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver</property> <property name="connection.url">jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;databaseName=test;</property> <property name="connection.username">puf</property> <property name="connection.password">pufang890505</property> <!-- SQL dialect --> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect</property> <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property> <!-- 是否显示SQL语句 --> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <mapping resource="domain/Users.hbm.xml"/> <mapping resource="domain/Department.hbm.xml"/> <mapping resource="domain/Employee.hbm.xml"/> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>

 

这样就完成了最基本的多对一映射，下面我们来测试一下：

 

HibernateUtil.java

package hibernate; import java.io.Serializable; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import domain.Users; public final class HibernateUtil { private static SessionFactory sessionFactory; private HibernateUtil(){ } static{ Configuration cfg = new Configuration(); cfg.configure(); sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory(); } public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() { return sessionFactory; } public static Session getSession(){ return sessionFactory.openSession(); } public static Object get(Class clazz, Serializable id){ Session s = null; try{ s = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Users user = (Users)s.get(clazz, id); return user; }finally{ if(s != null){ s.close(); } } } public static void add(Object entity){ Session s = null; Transaction ts = null; try{ s = HibernateUtil.getSession(); ts = s.beginTransaction(); s.save(entity); ts.commit(); }finally{ if(s != null){ s.close(); } } } public static void update(Object entity){ Session s = null; Transaction ts = null; try{ s = HibernateUtil.getSession(); ts = s.beginTransaction(); s.update(entity); ts.commit(); }finally{ if(s != null){ s.close(); } } } public static void delete(Object entity){ Session s = null; Transaction ts = null; try{ s = HibernateUtil.getSession(); ts = s.beginTransaction(); s.delete(entity); ts.commit(); }finally{ if(s != null){ s.close(); } } } }

test.java

import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.Criteria; import org.hibernate.Query; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.criterion.Restrictions; import domain.Department; import domain.Employee; import domain.Users; import hibernate.HibernateUtil; public class test { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { Department dpt = new Department(); dpt.setName("department_name"); Employee epy = new Employee(); epy.setName("employee_name"); epy.setDpt(dpt);//建立关联 HibernateUtil.add(dpt);//保存部门 HibernateUtil.add(epy);//保存员工 } }

HibernateUtil.add(dpt);//保存部门
  HibernateUtil.add(epy);//保存员工

注意这两行代码的顺序，我这里采用HibernateUtil工具类，里面代码是保存一次执行一个事务，所以先后顺序不可更换。

而视频教程中，保存写在一个事务里面，顺序交换是可以的，无非就是先保存员工后保存部门的时候，多出一条update语句，这与以前update执行时机的内容一致。