Tomcat和Spring衔接

1.概述：Tomcat启动的时候会触发Host的启动，进而触发我们的业务项目Context的启动，主要的配置文件就是\webapp\WEB-INF\web.xml，这里面会配置两个Spring容器，父容器是通过监听ServletContextListener上下文事件通过ContextLoaderListener初始化并加载所需要的容器环境，子容器就是当初始化Servlet时加载用于SpringMVC功能的容器环境。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
         id="verification" version="2.5">
    <display-name>prototype</display-name>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath*:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath*:springMVC-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>logbackConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:logback.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <filter>
        <filter-name>accessFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.ph3636.AccessFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>accessFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

2.StandardContext启动时，在方法startInternal中，通过fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.CONFIGURE_START_EVENT, null);触发ContextConfig加载并解析web.xml文件，保存文件里面的所有属性，通过 mergeParameters();操作把 <context-param>属性的值设置到 ServletContext sc.setInitParameter(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());，然后启动上下文监听器listenerStart()，其中一个操作就是listener.contextInitialized(tldEvent);

3.Spring父容器的启动，在ContextLoaderListener中实现了ServletContextListener接口

public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
		initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
	}

父类ContextLoader，先判断Servlet上下文中有没有已经初始化的WebApplicationContext，有则报错，无则创建，

public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
		if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
			throw new IllegalStateException(
					"Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
					"check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
		}

		Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
		servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
		if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
			logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
		}
		long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

		try {
			// Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
			// it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
			if (this.context == null) {
				this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
			}
			if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
				ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
				if (!cwac.isActive()) {
					// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide