1. ServiceLoader主要用于实现Java的SPI功能,从类加载器中加载jar包下的符合实现该接口的实现类。
2. 使用时一般使用下列方式,ServiceLoader实现了Iterable接口,可以进行遍历取值
public static <S> ServiceLoader<S> load(Class<S> service,
ClassLoader loader)
{
return new ServiceLoader<>(service, loader);
}
public static <S> ServiceLoader<S> load(Class<S> service) {
ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
return ServiceLoader.load(service, cl);
}
每次创建一个新对象ServiceLoader,里面包含一个延迟迭代器LazyIterator
public void reload() {
providers.clear();
lookupIterator = new LazyIterator(service, loader);
}
private ServiceLoader(Class<S> svc, ClassLoader cl) {
service = Objects.requireNonNull(svc, "Service interface cannot be null");
loader = (cl == null) ? ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader() : cl;
acc = (System.getSecurityManager() != null) ? AccessController.getContext() : null;
reload();
}
3. 遍历使用,第一次LinkedHashMap<String,S> providers = new LinkedHashMap<>();里面没有数据,所以会开始执行lookupIterator.hasNext()
public Iterator<S> iterator() {
return new Iterator<S>() {
Iterator<Map.Entry<String,S>> knownProviders
= providers.entrySet().iterator();
public boolean hasNext() {
if (knownProviders.hasNext())
return true;
return lookupIterator.hasNext();
}
public S next() {
if (knownProviders.hasNext())
return knownProviders.next().getValue();
return lookupIterator.next();
}
public void remove() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
};
}
nextName代表下一个实现类的名字,PREFIX = "META-INF/services/",获取该文件目录下的资源路径Enumeration<URL> configs,一次读取一个文件URL的内容,当第一次读取时Iterator<String> pending = null满足条件,当第一个文件遍历完成后,!pending.hasNext()满足条件,开始遍历第二个文件内容。
private boolean hasNextService() {
if (nextName != null) {
return true;
}
if (configs == null) {
try {
String fullName = PREFIX + service.getName();
if (loader == null)
configs = ClassLoader.getSystemResources(fullName);
else
configs = loader.getResources(fullName);
} catch (IOException x) {
fail(service, "Error locating configuration files", x);
}
}
while ((pending == null) || !pending.hasNext()) {
if (!configs.hasMoreElements()) {
return false;
}
pending = parse(service, configs.nextElement());
}
nextName = pending.next();
return true;
}
解析文件内容
private Iterator<String> parse(Class<?> service, URL u)
throws ServiceConfigurationError
{
InputStream in = null;
BufferedReader r = null;
ArrayList<String> names = new ArrayList<>();
try {
in = u.openStream();
r = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in, "utf-8"));
int lc = 1;
while ((lc = parseLine(service, u, r, lc, names)) >= 0);
} catch (IOException x) {
fail(service, "Error reading configuration file", x);
} finally {
try {
if (r != null) r.close();
if (in != null) in.close();
} catch (IOException y) {
fail(service, "Error closing configuration file", y);
}
}
return names.iterator();
}
private int parseLine(Class<?> service, URL u, BufferedReader r, int lc,
List<String> names)
throws IOException, ServiceConfigurationError
{
String ln = r.readLine();
if (ln == null) {
return -1;
}
int ci = ln.indexOf('#');
if (ci >= 0) ln = ln.substring(0, ci);
ln = ln.trim();
int n = ln.length();
if (n != 0) {
if ((ln.indexOf(' ') >= 0) || (ln.indexOf('\t') >= 0))
fail(service, u, lc, "Illegal configuration-file syntax");
int cp = ln.codePointAt(0);
if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(cp))
fail(service, u, lc, "Illegal provider-class name: " + ln);
for (int i = Character.charCount(cp); i < n; i += Character.charCount(cp)) {
cp = ln.codePointAt(i);
if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(cp) && (cp != '.'))
fail(service, u, lc, "Illegal provider-class name: " + ln);
}
if (!providers.containsKey(ln) && !names.contains(ln))
names.add(ln);
}
return lc + 1;
}
4. 获取下一个对象next(),根据反射从类加载器中获取class对象,判断该类是否是接口的实现类,最后初始化放入providers返回
private S nextService() {
if (!hasNextService())
throw new NoSuchElementException();
String cn = nextName;
nextName = null;
Class<?> c = null;
try {
c = Class.forName(cn, false, loader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException x) {
fail(service,
"Provider " + cn + " not found");
}
if (!service.isAssignableFrom(c)) {
fail(service,
"Provider " + cn + " not a subtype");
}
try {
S p = service.cast(c.newInstance());
providers.put(cn, p);
return p;
} catch (Throwable x) {
fail(service,
"Provider " + cn + " could not be instantiated",
x);
}
throw new Error(); // This cannot happen
}