Hibernate是一个开放源代码的对象关系映射框架,它对JDBC进行了非常轻量级的对象封装,它将POJO与数据库表建立映射关系,是一个全自动的orm框架,hibernate可以自动生成SQL语句,自动执行,使得Java程序员可以随心所欲的使用对象编程思维来操纵数据库。 Hibernate可以应用在任何使用JDBC的场合,既可以在Java的客户端程序使用,也可以在Servlet/JSP的Web应用中使用,最具革命意义的是,Hibernate可以在应用EJB的J2EE架构中取代CMP,完成数据持久化的重任。
使用Hibernate的一般过程
1)设计对象模型
2)设计操作对象的接口
3)如果不是使用maven的话,需要加入相关的jar包
4)配置对象关系映射文件(ORM)
5)配置hibernate全局配置文件
6)设计Hibernate工具类
7)实现设计的操作对象的接口
8)使用
实例
本文以操作用户表为例,数据库为mysql5.7,IDE为eclipse Java EE IDE for Web Developers.
实现步骤
1)在mysql数据库中创建数据库,取名为myhibernate
2)打开eclipse,创建普通的Java Project,取名为HibernateDaoDemo
3)创建用户对象User,全名为com.peace.domain.User,具体体代码如下:
package com.peace.domain;
import java.util.Date;
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private Date birthday;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birthday=" + birthday + "]";
}
}
4)设计对用户表进行增删改查的接口类UserDao,全名为com.peace.dao.UserDao,具体如下:
package com.peace.dao;
import com.peace.domain.User;
public interface UserDao {
public void savaUser(User user) ;
public User findUserByName(String name);
public User findUserById(int id);
public void updateUser(User user);
public void remove(User user);
}
5)导入需要的依赖jar包,这里用的是hibernate-3.2,导入的包如下图中的hibernate3.jar和lib下的所有包
另外,hibernate底层也是基于jdbc,所以还需要导入mysql-connector-java-5.1.39-bin.jar
6)配置User对象的关系映射文件User.hbm.xml,内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping
package="com.peace.domain">
<class name="User">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name" unique="true"/>
<property name="birthday"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
7)配置hibernate全局配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml,内容如下:
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory name="foo">
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myhibernate</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">1234</property>
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
<mapping resource="com/peace/domain/User.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
8)设计实现Hibernate工具类HibernateUtil,全名为com.peace.dao.HibernateUtil,实现如下:
package com.peace.dao;
import java.io.Serializable;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public final class HibernateUtil {
private static SessionFactory sessionFactory = null;
private HibernateUtil() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
static {
Configuration cfg = new Configuration();
cfg.configure();
sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
}
public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
return sessionFactory;
}
public static Session getSession() {
return sessionFactory.openSession();
}
}
9)继承,实现操作用户表的接口UserDaoHibernateImpl,全名com.peace.dao.impl.UserDaoHibernateImpl,实现如下:
package com.peace.dao.impl;
import org.hibernate.Criteria;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Restrictions;
import com.peace.dao.HibernateUtil;
import com.peace.dao.UserDao;
import com.peace.domain.User;
public class UserDaoHibernateImpl implements UserDao {
@Override
public void savaUser(User user) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Session s = null;
Transaction tx = null;
try {
s = HibernateUtil.getSession();
tx = s.beginTransaction();
s.save(user);
tx.commit();
} finally {
if(s != null)
s.close();
}
}
@Override
public User findUserByName(String name) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Session s = null;
try {
s = HibernateUtil.getSession();
Criteria c = s.createCriteria(User.class);
c.add(Restrictions.eq("name", name));
User user = (User) c.uniqueResult();
return user;
} finally {
if(s != null) {
s.close();
}
}
}
@Override
public User findUserById(int id) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Session s = null;
try {
s = HibernateUtil.getSession();
User user = (User) s.get(User.class, id);
return user;
} finally {
if(s != null) {
s.close();
}
}
}
@Override
public void updateUser(User user) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Session s = null;
Transaction tx = null;
try {
s = HibernateUtil.getSession();
tx = s.beginTransaction();
s.update(user);
tx.commit();
} finally {
if(s != null)
s.close();
}
}
@Override
public void remove(User user) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Session s = null;
Transaction tx = null;
try {
s = HibernateUtil.getSession();
tx = s.beginTransaction();
s.delete(user);
tx.commit();
} finally {
if(s != null)
s.close();
}
}
}
10)实现测试类DAOTest,对设计的接口测试,代码如下:
package com.peace;
import java.util.Date;
import com.peace.dao.UserDao;
import com.peace.dao.impl.UserDaoHibernateImpl;
import com.peace.domain.User;
public class DAOTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
UserDao dao = new UserDaoHibernateImpl();
User user = new User();
user.setName("ABC");
user.setBirthday(new Date());
dao.savaUser(user);
user.setName("DEF");
dao.updateUser(user);
User u1 = dao.findUserById(user.getId());
System.out.println(u1);
User u2 = dao.findUserByName("DEF");
System.out.println(u2);
dao.remove(user);
}
}
11)结果
附——工程代码结构图