Flyweight模式——结构型模式

 

flyweight.h

#ifndef _FLY_WEIGHT_H_ #define _FLY_WEIGHT_H_ #include <string> using namespace std; class Flyweight { protected: Flyweight(string intrinsic_state); public: virtual void Operation(const string& extrinsic_state) = 0; string GetIntrinsicState(); protected: string m_intrinsicState; }; class ConcreteFlyweight:public Flyweight { public: ConcreteFlyweight(string intrinsic_state); ~ConcreteFlyweight(); void Operation(const string& extrinsic_state); }; #endif

flyweight. cpp

#include <iostream> #include <string> #include "flyweight.h" using namespace std; Flyweight::Flyweight(string intrinsic_state) { m_intrinsicState = intrinsic_state; } string Flyweight::GetIntrinsicState() { return m_intrinsicState; } ConcreteFlyweight::ConcreteFlyweight(string intrinsic_state):Flyweight(intrinsic_state) { m_intrinsicState = intrinsic_state; } ConcreteFlyweight::~ConcreteFlyweight() {} void ConcreteFlyweight::Operation(const string& extrinsic_state) { cout<<"Intrinsic : "<<m_intrinsicState<<endl; cout<<"extrinsic : "<<extrinsic_state<<endl; cout<<endl; }

flyweightfactory.h

#ifndef _FLY_WEIGHT_FACTORY_H_ #define _FLY_WEIGHT_FACTORY_H_ #include <map> #include <string> using namespace std; class Flyweight; class FlyweightFactory { public: FlyweightFactory(); ~FlyweightFactory(); Flyweight* GetFlyweight(const string& key); private: map<string,Flyweight*> m_mapFly; }; #endif

flyweightfactory.cpp

#include <iostream> #include <map> #include <string> #include "flyweight.h" #include "flyweightfactory.h" using namespace std; FlyweightFactory::FlyweightFactory() {} FlyweightFactory::~FlyweightFactory() { map<string,Flyweight*>::iterator iter; for(iter = m_mapFly.begin();iter != m_mapFly.end();iter++) { delete iter->second; } } Flyweight* FlyweightFactory::GetFlyweight(const string& key) { map<string,Flyweight*>::iterator iter; iter = m_mapFly.find(key); if(iter == m_mapFly.end()) { m_mapFly[key] = new ConcreteFlyweight(key); return m_mapFly[key]; } else { return iter->second; } }

main.cpp

#include <iostream> #include <map> #include <string> #include "flyweight.h" #include "flyweightfactory.h" using namespace std; int main() { // get flyweight factory FlyweightFactory* fac = new FlyweightFactory; // get flyweights and operator them Flyweight* f1 = fac->GetFlyweight("one"); f1->Operation("only one"); Flyweight* f2 = fac->GetFlyweight("two"); f2->Operation("beautiful one"); Flyweight* f3 = fac->GetFlyweight("one"); f3->Operation("new one"); // free the flyweights delete fac; return 0; }

 

享元模式的应用
      享元模式在编辑器系统中大量使用。一个文本编辑器往往会提供很多种字体，而通常的做法就是将每一个字母做成一个享元对象。享元对象的内蕴状态就是这个字母，而字母在文本中的位置和字模风格等其他信息则是外蕴状态。比如，字母a可能出现在文本的很多地方，虽然这些字母a的位置和字模风格不同，但是所有这些地方使用的都是同一个字母对象。这样一来，字母对象就可以在整个系统中共享。

 

单纯享元模式所涉及的角色如下：
抽象享元(Flyweight)角色：此角色是所有的具体享元类的超类，为这些类规定出需要实现的公共接口。那些需要外蕴状态(External State)的操作可以通过调用商业方法以参数形式传入。
具体享元(ConcreteFlyweight)角色：实现抽象享元角色所规定的接口。如果有内蕴状态的话，必须负责为内蕴状态提供存储空间。享元对象的内蕴状态必须与对象所处的周围环境无关，从而使得享元对象可以在系统内共享的。
享元工厂(FlyweightFactory)角色：本角色负责创建和管理享元角色。本角色必须保证享元对象可以被系统适当地共享。当一个客户端对象调用一个享元对象的时候，享元工厂角色会检查系统中是否已经有一个复合要求的享元对象。如果已经有了，享元工厂角色就应当提供这个已有的享元对象；如果系统中没有一个适当的享元对象的话，享元工厂角色就应当创建一个合适的享元对象。
客户端(Client)角色：本角色需要维护一个对所有享元对象的引用。本角色需要自行存储所有享元对象的外蕴状态。