一、简介
Flyweight 享元模式为了解决的问题是:面向对象很好地解决了系统抽象性的问题,但在在某些特殊的应用中,如果一个应用程序使用了太多的对象,采用面向对象会给系统带来难以承受的内存开销,特别是对于大量轻量级(细粒度)的对象。比如图形应用中的图元等对象、字处理应用中的字符对象等。同时也可以将对象的状态分为“外部状态”和“内部状态”,把可以被共享(不会变化)的状态作为内部状态存储在对象中,而外部对象(例如字体、大小等变化的参数)可以在适当的时候将外部对象作为参数传递给对象(例如在显示的时候,将字体、大小等信息传递给对象)。
Flyweight模式在实现过程中主要是要为共享对象提供一个对象池,其中有一个FlyweightFactory的对象构造工厂,用户Flyweight需要一个对象的时候,会通过工厂接口GetFlyweight请求返回对象,工厂会通过对象池遍历池中的对象,如果有直接返回,没有于是创建。
Flyweight 模式典型的结构图为:
Flyweight 模式中有一个类似 Factory 模式的对象构造工厂FlyweightFactory,当客户程序员(Client)需要一个对象时候就会向 FlyweightFactory 发出请求对象的消息 GetFlyweight()消息,FlyweightFactory 拥有一个管理、存储对象的“仓库”(或者叫对象池,vector 实现),GetFlyweight()消息会遍历对象池中的对象,如果已经存在则直接返回给 Client,否则创建一个新的对象返回给 Client。
二、详解
1、代码实现
(1)代码flyweight.h:
#ifndef _FLYWEIGHT_H_
#define _FLYWEIGHT_H_
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Flyweight
{
public:
virtual ~Flyweight();
//操作外部状态extrinsicState
virtual void Operation(const string &extrinsicState) = 0;
string GetIntrinsicState();
protected:
Flyweight(string intrinsicState);
private:
string _intrinsicState;
};
class ConcreteFlyweight : public Flyweight
{
public:
ConcreteFlyweight(string intrinsicState);
~ConcreteFlyweight();
//实现接口函数
void Operation(const string &extrinsicState);
protected:
private:
};
class UnsharedConcreteFlyweight : public Flyweight
{
public:
virtual void Operation(const string& extrinsicState);
UnsharedConcreteFlyweight(string intrinsicState);
~UnsharedConcreteFlyweight();
};
#endif
(2)代码flyweight.cpp:
#include <iostream>
#include "flyweight.h"
using namespace std;
Flyweight::Flyweight(string intrinsicState)
{
_intrinsicState = intrinsicState;
}
Flyweight::~Flyweight()
{
}
void Flyweight::Operation(const string &extrinsicState)
{
}
string Flyweight::GetIntrinsicState()
{
return this->_intrinsicState;
}
ConcreteFlyweight::ConcreteFlyweight(string intrinsicState)
: Flyweight(intrinsicState)
{
cout<<"ConcreteFlyweight Build..."<<intrinsicState<<endl;
}
ConcreteFlyweight::~ConcreteFlyweight()
{
}
void ConcreteFlyweight::Operation(const string &extrinsicState)
{
cout<<"ConcreteFlyweight:内蕴["<<GetIntrinsicState()<<"]外蕴["<<extrinsicState<<"]"<<endl;
}
UnsharedConcreteFlyweight::UnsharedConcreteFlyweight(string intrinsicState)
: Flyweight(intrinsicState)
{
}
UnsharedConcreteFlyweight::~UnsharedConcreteFlyweight()
{
}
void UnsharedConcreteFlyweight::Operation(const string& extrinsicState)
{
cout <<"---extrinsicState:"<<extrinsicState<<endl;
}
(3)代码flyweightfactory.h:
#ifndef _FLYWEIGHTFACTORY_H_
#define _FLYWEIGHTFACTORY_H_
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cassert>
#include "flyweight.h"
using namespace std;
class FlyweightFactory
{
public:
FlyweightFactory();
~FlyweightFactory();
//获得一个请求的Flyweight对象
Flyweight *GetFlyweight(const string &key);
protected:
private:
//保存内部状态对象的容器
vector<Flyweight *>_fly;
};
#endif
(4)代码flyweightfactory.cpp:
#include "flyweightfactory.h"
FlyweightFactory::FlyweightFactory()
{
}
FlyweightFactory::~FlyweightFactory()
{
vector<Flyweight *>::iterator it = _fly.begin();
for (; it != _fly.end(); it++) {
delete *it;
*it = NULL;
}
}
Flyweight *FlyweightFactory::GetFlyweight(const string &key)
{
vector<Flyweight *>::iterator it = _fly.begin();
for (; it != _fly.end(); it++) {
if ((*it)->GetIntrinsicState() == key) {
cout<<"---already created by users..."<<key<<endl;
return *it;
}
}
Flyweight *fn = new ConcreteFlyweight(key);
_fly.push_back(fn);
return fn;
}
(4)代码main.cpp:
#include <iostream>
#include "flyweight.h"
#include "flyweightfactory.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//外部状态extrinsicState
string extrinsicState = "ext";
FlyweightFactory *fc = new FlyweightFactory();
Flyweight *fw1 = fc->GetFlyweight("hello");
//应用外部状态
fw1->Operation(extrinsicState);
Flyweight *fw2 = fc->GetFlyweight("world!");
Flyweight *fw3 = fc->GetFlyweight("hello");
delete fc;
fc = NULL;
return 0;
}
(5)makefile:
CFLAGS = -g
DEFINED = #-D _VERSION
LIBS =
CC = g++
INCLUDES = -I./
OBJS= main.o flyweight.o flyweightfactory.o
TARGET= main
all:$(TARGET)
$(TARGET):$(OBJS)
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS)
.SUFFIXES:.o .h
.SUFFIXES:.cpp .o
.cpp.o:
$(CC) $(DEFINED) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $<
ok:
./$(TARGET)
clean:
rm -f $(OBJS) $(TARGET) core *.log
2、运行结果
(Centos6.3系统中运行结果:)
三、总结
(1)Flyweight 模式在实现过程中主要是要为共享对象提供一个存放的“仓库”(对象池),这里是通过 C++ STL 中 Vector 容器,当然就牵涉到 STL 编程的一些问题(Iterator 使用等)。
(2)对象“仓库”(对象池)的管理策略(查找、插入等),这里是通过直接的顺序遍历实现的,可以使用其他更加有效的索引策略,例如例如 Hash 表的管理策略。
(3)源码已经打包上传到csdn上可登录下载(http://download.csdn.net/detail/taiyang1987912/8420399)。