listView 图片加载性能优化

ListView 是一种可以显示一系列项目并能进行滚动显示的 View，每一行的Item可能包含复杂的结构，可能会从网络上获取icon等的一些图标信息，就现在的网络速度要想保持ListView运行的很好滚动流畅是做不到的



所以这里就需要把这些信息利用多线程实现异步加载



实现这样功能的类





[java] view plaincopyprint?public class AsyncImageLoader {
private HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache;

public AsyncImageLoader() {
imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
}

public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback imageCallback) {
if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
Drawable drawable = softReference.get();
if (drawable != null) {
return drawable;
}
}
final Handler handler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message message) {
imageCallback.imageLoaded((Drawable) message.obj, imageUrl);
}
};
new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
Message message = handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable);
handler.sendMessage(message);
}
}.start();
return null;
}

public static Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String url) {
// ...
}

public interface ImageCallback {
public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable, String imageUrl);
}
}
public class AsyncImageLoader {
private HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache;

public AsyncImageLoader() {
imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
}

public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback imageCallback) {
if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
Drawable drawable = softReference.get();
if (drawable != null) {
return drawable;
}
}
final Handler handler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message message) {
imageCallback.imageLoaded((Drawable) message.obj, imageUrl);
}
};
new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
Message message = handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable);
handler.sendMessage(message);
}
}.start();
return null;
}

public static Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String url) {
// ...
}

public interface ImageCallback {
public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable, String imageUrl);
}
}




注意这里使用了 SoftReference来缓存图片，允许 GC在需要的时候可以对缓存中的图片进行清理。它这样工作：

· 调用 loadDrawable(ImageUrl, imageCallback)，传入一个匿名实现的 ImageCallback接口

· 如果图片在缓存中不存在的话，图片将从单一的线程中下载并在下载结束时通过 ImageCallback回调

· 如果图片确实存在于缓存中，就会马上返回，不会回调 ImageCallback



然后我们还可以根据09google I/0开发者大会提到的方式来继续优化Adapter 使用ViewHolder来减少一些比较费时的操作，譬如inflate XML 和 findViewById()等操作

[java] view plaincopyprint?public class ImageAndTextListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<ImageAndText> {

private ListView listView;
private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader;

public ImageAndTextListAdapter(Activity activity, List<ImageAndText> imageAndTexts, ListView listView) {
super(activity, 0, imageAndTexts);
this.listView = listView;
asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader();
}

@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
Activity activity = (Activity) getContext();

// Inflate the views from XML
View rowView = convertView;
ViewCache viewCache;
if (rowView == null) {
LayoutInflater inflater = activity.getLayoutInflater();
rowView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.image_and_text_row, null);
viewCache = new ViewCache(rowView);
rowView.setTag(viewCache);
} else {
viewCache = (ViewCache) rowView.getTag();
}
ImageAndText imageAndText = getItem(position);

// Load the image and set it on the ImageView
String imageUrl = imageAndText.getImageUrl();
ImageView imageView = viewCache.getImageView();
imageView.setTag(imageUrl);
Drawable cachedImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(imageUrl, new ImageCallback() {
public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable, String imageUrl) {
ImageView imageViewByTag = (ImageView) listView.findViewWithTag(imageUrl);
if (imageViewByTag != null) {
imageViewByTag.setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
}
}
});
imageView.setImageDrawable(cachedImage);

// Set the text on the TextView
TextView textView = viewCache.getTextView();
textView.setText(imageAndText.getText());

return rowView;
}
}
public class ImageAndTextListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<ImageAndText> {

private ListView listView;
private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader;

public ImageAndTextListAdapter(Activity activity, List<ImageAndText> imageAndTexts, ListView listView) {
super(activity, 0, imageAndTexts);
this.listView = listView;
asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader();
}

@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
Activity activity = (Activity) getContext();

// Inflate the views from XML
View rowView = convertView;
ViewCache viewCache;
if (rowView == null) {
LayoutInflater inflater = activity.getLayoutInflater();
rowView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.image_and_text_row, null);
viewCache = new ViewCache(rowView);
rowView.setTag(viewCache);
} else {
viewCache = (ViewCache) rowView.getTag();
}
ImageAndText imageAndText = getItem(position);

// Load the image and set it on the ImageView
String imageUrl = imageAndText.getImageUrl();
ImageView imageView = viewCache.getImageView();
imageView.setTag(imageUrl);
Drawable cachedImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(imageUrl, new ImageCallback() {
public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable, String imageUrl) {
ImageView imageViewByTag = (ImageView) listView.findViewWithTag(imageUrl);
if (imageViewByTag != null) {
imageViewByTag.setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
}
}
});
imageView.setImageDrawable(cachedImage);

// Set the text on the TextView
TextView textView = viewCache.getTextView();
textView.setText(imageAndText.getText());

return rowView;
}
}





这里我们没有加载完iamge之后直接设定到相应的ImageView上 ，而是通过Tag查找，这里我们重用的View 这里有个listView的引用来通过Tag查找 可见 CallBack的实现



[c-sharp] view plaincopyprint?ImageView imageViewByTag = (ImageView) listView.findViewWithTag(imageUrl);
if (imageViewByTag != null) {
imageViewByTag.setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
}
ImageView imageViewByTag = (ImageView) listView.findViewWithTag(imageUrl);
if (imageViewByTag != null) {
imageViewByTag.setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
}



这里通过ViewCatch来减少了 findViewById的使用



[c-sharp] view plaincopyprint?public class ViewCache {

private View baseView;
private TextView textView;
private ImageView imageView;

public ViewCache(View baseView) {
this.baseView = baseView;
}

public TextView getTextView() {
if (textView == null) {
textView = (TextView) baseView.findViewById(R.id.text);
}
return titleView;
}

public ImageView getImageView() {
if (imageView == null) {
imageView = (ImageView) baseView.findViewById(R.id.image);
}
return imageView;
}
}
public class ViewCache {

private View baseView;
private TextView textView;
private ImageView imageView;

public ViewCache(View baseView) {
this.baseView = baseView;
}

public TextView getTextView() {
if (textView == null) {
textView = (TextView) baseView.findViewById(R.id.text);
}
return titleView;
}

public ImageView getImageView() {
if (imageView == null) {
imageView = (ImageView) baseView.findViewById(R.id.image);
}
return imageView;
}
}



总结 ：这里主要做了三点优化





在单一线程里加载图片
重用列表中行
缓存行中的 View