彻底理解Java深克隆和浅克隆的原理及实现

一、为什么要克隆？
答案是：克隆的对象可能包含一些已经修改过的属性,保留着你想克隆对象的值，而new出来的对象的属性全是一个新的对象，对应的属性没有值，所以我们还要重新给这个对象赋值。即当需要一个新的对象来保存当前对象的“状态”就靠clone方法了。那么我把这个对象的临时属性一个一个的赋值给我新new的对象不也行嘛？可以是可以，但是一来麻烦不说，二来，大家通过上面的源码都发现了clone是一个native方法，就是快啊，在底层实现的。

二、如何实现克隆
分三步：

对象的类实现Cloneable接口；
覆盖Object类的clone()方法 （覆盖clone()方法，访问修饰符设为public，默认是protected）；
在clone()方法中调用super.clone()；
三、两种不同的克隆方法，浅克隆(ShallowClone)和深克隆(DeepClone)。
浅克隆是指拷贝对象时仅仅拷贝对象本身（包括对象中的基本变量），而不拷贝对象包含的引用指向的对象。

深克隆不仅拷贝对象本身，而且拷贝对象包含的引用指向的所有对象。举例来说更加清楚：

浅克隆
package cn.zhm.day4;

public class Student implements Cloneable {
private int age;
private String name;

public Student(int age, String name) {
	this.age = age;
	this.name = name;
}

public int getAge() {
	return age;
}

public void setAge(int age) {
	this.age = age;
}

public String getName() {
	return name;
}

public void setName(String name) {
	this.name = name;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
	return "Student [age=" + age + ", name=" + name + "]";
}

@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	return super.clone();
}

/**
 * @param args
 * @throws CloneNotSupportedException
 */
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
	Student student1 = new Student(20, "张三");
	Student student2 = (Student) student1.clone();
	student2.setAge(22);// 注意修改student2的age值 但是没有影响 student1的值
	System.out.println("student1：" + student1.getName() + "-->"+ student1.getAge());
	System.out.println("student2：" + student2.getName() + "-->"+ student2.getAge());

}

}
运行结果：
student1：张三–>20
student2：张三–>22

引入深克隆，浅入克隆导致的问题

package cn.zhm.day4;

class Teacher implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private Student student;

public String getName() {
	return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
	this.name = name;
}

public Student getStudent() {
	return student;
}
public void setStudent(Student student) {
	this.student = student;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
	return "Teacher [name=" + name + ", student=" + student + "]";
}

@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	return super.clone();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
	Student s1 = new Student();
	s1.setAge(20);
	s1.setName("张三");
	Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher();
	teacher1.setName("小赵老师");
	teacher1.setStudent(s1);
	//为什么会出现以下结果, Teacher中的clone方法
	Teacher teacher2 = (Teacher)teacher1.clone();
	Student s2 = teacher2.getStudent();
	s2.setName("李四");
	s2.setAge(30);
	System.out.println("teacher1:"+teacher1);
	System.out.println("teacher2:"+teacher2);
	
}

}
运行结果：
teacher1:Teacher [name=小赵老师, student=Student [age=30, name=李四]]
teacher2:Teacher [name=小赵老师, student=Student [age=30, name=李四]

深克隆
要克隆的类和类中所有非基本数据类型的属性对应的类

必需在clone()方法注意点

package cn.zhm.day4;

class Teacher implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private Student student;

public String getName() {
    return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
}

public Student getStudent() {
    return student;
}
public void setStudent(Student student) {
    this.student = student;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
    return "Teacher [name=" + name + ", student=" + student + "]";
}

@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    //注意以下代码
    Teacher teacher = (Teacher)super.clone();
    teacher.setStudent((Student)teacher.getStudent().clone());
    return teacher;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
    Student s1 = new Student();
    s1.setAge(20);
    s1.setName("张三");
    Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher();
    teacher1.setName("小赵老师");
    teacher1.setStudent(s1);
    Teacher teacher2 = (Teacher)teacher1.clone();
    teacher2.setName("小明老师");
    Student s2 = teacher2.getStudent();
    s2.setName("李四");
    s2.setAge(30);
    System.out.println("teacher1:"+teacher1);
    System.out.println("teacher2:"+teacher2);
    
}

}
运行结果：

teacher1:Teacher [name=小赵老师, student=Student [age=20, name=张三]]

teacher2:Teacher [name=小明老师, student=Student [age=30, name=李四]]

好好理解上面代码一定可以掌握 浅克隆(ShallowClone)和深克隆(DeepClone)。